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GSM Foundation Course

GSM Foundation Course. Prepared by Syed Amir Abbas. GSM Operator in Pakistan. CDMA One. 14%. GSM and Others. GSM. TDMA. 11%. 75%. Source: European Mobile Communications(EMC). Vendor’s Of Operators. Core (MSC/BSC) RAN (BTS)

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GSM Foundation Course

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  1. GSM Foundation Course Prepared by Syed Amir Abbas

  2. GSM Operator in Pakistan

  3. CDMA One 14% GSM and Others GSM TDMA 11% 75% Source: European Mobile Communications(EMC)

  4. Vendor’s Of Operators Core (MSC/BSC) RAN (BTS) • Mobilink Alcatel/Huawei/Siemens/NokiaMotrola/Alcatel • UfoneHuawei/Nortel Huawei / Nortel • Telenore Siemens/Nokia Siemens / Nokia • WaridEricsson Ericsson / Huawei • Zong ZTE/Huawei Ericsson/ZTE/Alcatel

  5. Subscriber Data Base • Mobilink 31,958,597 • Telenore 17,841,074 • Ufone 17,800,424 • Warid 15,114,678 • Zong 3,662,099 Information received from PTA site survey on May 2008 (www.pta.com)

  6. What is Telecommunication ? • Telecommunication means to change information into electronic signals for remote transmission and switching. • Fast Deployment • Saving Transmission cost. • Easy and Fast Access.

  7. Frequency “ The frequency of a radio wave is the number of times that the wave oscillates per second." • FM Radio : 100 MHz Approx. • Television : 300 MHz Approx. • Mobile Networks : 300 – 2000 MHz Approx.

  8. Bandwidth • In electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range (or band) of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium. • In this usage, bandwidth is expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component. • Bandwidth = Highest freq – Lowest Freq

  9. A Channel is a frequency or set of frequency which can be allocated for the transmission and reception of information. Types Of Communication Channels. Channels

  10. What is Multiple Access • Simultaneous private use of a transmission medium by multiple independent users is called Multiple Access. • Advantages Of Multiple Access • Increased capacity • Reduced capital requirement • Decreased per user expense

  11. FDMA, TDMA & CDMA • FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) • Each user on a different frequency • A channel is a frequency • TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) • Each user on a different window period in time slot. • CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) • Each user uses the same frequency all the time but mixed with different distinguished code patterns.

  12. 1st Generation Cellular System • Widespread introduction in early 1980s. • Analogue modulation. • Frequency division multiple access. • Voice traffic only. • No inter-network roaming possible. • Insecure air interface. • Examples : • AMPS (Advance mobile Phone System, American based,800MHz) • TACS (Total Access Communications System, UK based,900MHz) • C-450 (German standard, 450MHz) • JTACS (Japanese Total Access Communications System,900MHz).

  13. 2nd Generation Cellular System • Widespread introduction in 1990s. • Use digital modulation. • Variety of multiple access strategies. • More efficient use of radio spectrum. • International roaming capability. • Secure air interface. • Compatibility with ISDN.

  14. GSM Architecture Overview • A GSM system is made up of three subsystems: • The mobile station (MS) • The Base station subsystem (BSS) • The Network and switching subsystem (NSS) • The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include: • “A” interface between NSS and BSS • “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS) • “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS

  15. Abis Interface Interface

  16. GSM Frequency Concepts

  17. GSM Network 'B' subscriber ANSWERS What happens NEXT? 'A' subscriber CALLS GSM Call Setup

  18. AUC HLR A subscriber BSC • MS Mobile Station = phone + SIM card • BTS Base Transceiver Station • BSC Base Station Controller • HLR Home Location Register • MSC Mobile services Switching Centre • VLR Visitor Location Register • AUC Authentication Centre Stand-alone or integrated in HLR • EIR Equipment Identity Register For blacklisting stolen and unwanted equipment • SMSC Short Message Service ”Support” Centre • VMS Voice Messaging System • PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system • IN Intelligent Network services • PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network • PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange BTS VMS MSC/VLR Warid EIR PrePaidNode SMSC INTERNET Telenore MSC w BSC PSTN Mobilink B subscriber

  19. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  20. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  21. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  22. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  23. BSCBase Station Controller A subscriber BTS = Base Transceiver Station • The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. • After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config.)

  24. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMS Voicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  25. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  26. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  27. Checks A number. • To whom is A subscriber calling?(Checks B number) • Example : A subscriberhas prepaid number. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

  28. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  29. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  30. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  31. Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? • When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. PrePaid Node

  32. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  33. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  34. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  35. Where is the B subscriber? • MSC interrogates in HLR.(HLR = Home Location Register) MSC Mobile Switching Centre

  36. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  37. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  38. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  39. HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i.e. which VLR) • Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) HLR Home Location Register

  40. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  41. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  42. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  43. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  44. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  45. Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for B-subscriber to HLR. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

  46. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  47. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  48. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  49. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

  50. HLR A subscriber BSC BTS VMSVoicemail MSC EIR PrePaid SMSC IN INTERNET MSC BSC PSTNFixed Network PSTNInternational PABX B subscriber BTS

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