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Age of Oil

Age of Oil. The Impact of the Oil and Gas Industry The reform Movement. Oil and Gas.

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Age of Oil

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  1. Age of Oil The Impact of the Oil and Gas Industry The reform Movement

  2. Oil and Gas • As Texas moved into the 20th century, the focus of Texas culture was determined by its economy. The industrialization and the urbanization of Texas expanded rapidly due to discoveries of oil and its many uses, the automobile, the world wars, and our relationship with the United States and the rest of the world. The result was the development of our major industries today, which are oil and gas, medical technology, aerospace, high tech, and tourism and the impact they have on the lives of Texans.

  3. Urbanization in Texas • The oil and gas production, transportation and manufacturing industries contributed to the trend of urbanization in Texas during the early 20th century

  4. Howard Hughes, Sr • Howard Hughes, Sr. was a lawyer and entrepreneur. After Spindletop, he went to Texas to be a part of the oil business, and made his home in Houston. • In 1908, he and his business partner Walter Sharp started a company to solve this problem. Their company invented and manufactured a rotary bit which could drill through hard rock. This invention saved time and money for drilling services and made Howard Hughes and his family very wealthy. • Scientific discoveries continued to impact the oil industry with further advancements in not only rotary drill bits, but later directional bits that could accomplish non-vertical drilling and deep sea drilling innovations.

  5. Jobs and Occupations • Urbanization affected the type of jobs and occupations available in Texas, by leading a growth in service industry jobs.

  6. Population • Rapid industrial expansion change the distribution of population within Texas during the early 20thcentury with the population of cities expanding rapidly. • People from rural areas moved to the cities.

  7. The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 • September 8, 1900, the city of Galveston was devastated by a hurricane.  Estimated 6,000 to 8,000 killed.  3, 636 homes destroyed. • To avoid a repeat of this tragedy, residents pumped in sand from the floor of the Gulf of Mexico to increase Galveston’s elevation. • A 17-foot seawall was built to protect against future storms.   • Economic Ruin----Major Industry moved to Houston.

  8. WW1 • Lusitania: A British ocean liner the Germans believed to be carrying weapons for the British navy. The Germans sunk the passenger ship killing 128 Americans • In April 1917 Congress declared war on Germany

  9. Texas’s Contributions to WW1 • Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces, including 450 female nurses • Edward M. House –  This Texas man was a close advisor to president Wilson regarding foreign affairs and peace negotiations with Europe during the war. • Four major military camps were set up – Camp Bowie in Ft. Worth, Camp Travis in San Antonio, Camp Logan in Houston, Camp MacArthur in Waco.

  10. Women’s Role in WW1 • Women rolled bandages and worked in factories to make important wartime products • Families cut back on food in order to support the war effort.  This is called rationing.

  11. Women’s Suffrage • The Texas Equal Suffrage Association supported the right to vote for women.

  12. Populism • Rural citizens such as farmers, supported the Populist Party because they felt they had not benefited from the new industry in Texas.

  13. Growth of the Oil Industry • 1 increased employment opportunities • 2over 500 new companies, like Texaco, being formed • 3 an improved standard of living for many Texans

  14. Boom and Bust A period of great profits followed by a downward trend in an industry Texas has been though many Boom and Bust cycles. Mainly in the oil and gas industry. With the help of modern technology the lasted boom is in South Texas and the Eagle Ford Shale.

  15. Timeline • Hurricane Devastation 1900 • WW1 1914-1918 • Women’s Suffrage 1920 • Prohibition Ends 1931

  16. Progressivism • The Progressives strongly supported scientific methods as applied to economics, government, industry, finance, medicine, schooling, theology, education, and even the family. • They supported laws that improved conditions in factories. • Prohibition remained one of the main causes at the local, state and national level throughout the Progressive Era.

  17. James Hogg • helped to start the Texas Railroad Commission. • supporters for governor were farmers, ranchers, and small merchants, but no large companies.

  18. Grange • The Grange, officially referred to as The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a fraternal organization in the United States which encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. • The Granger movement succeeded in regulating the railroads and grain warehouses. • Other significant Grange causes included temperance, the direct election of Senators and women's suffrage. During the Progressive Era of the 1890s to the 1920s political parties took up Grange causes. Consequently, local Granges focused more on community service, although the State and National Granges remain a political force.

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