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Understanding Developmental Psychology: Integrating Systems, Learning, and Behavior Change

This comprehensive exploration of developmental psychology delves into the intricacies of behavior, learning, and change across the lifespan. It combines theories from dynamical systems, chaos theory, and behavioral analysis to illustrate how humans develop through interactions with their environments. The text emphasizes the importance of understanding development at multiple levels—from biological foundations to social influences—highlighting the role of learning as a central process. Key insights into the methods and disciplines of developmental psychologists provide a thorough understanding of how development is studied and applied.

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Understanding Developmental Psychology: Integrating Systems, Learning, and Behavior Change

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction Chapter 1

  2. A Behavioral Systems Approach • Combines Dynamical Systems Theory (Chaos Theory) • Behavior Analysis

  3. What is Development? • Changes in Interactions • Progressive Changes • Changes Occur Across the Life Span

  4. Science is Just One Approach Rembrant: Woman with a Pink (Ca. 1662)

  5. The Scientific Method • Systematic Observation • Specialized methods for organizing & summarizing these observations • Formulating & testing hypotheses • Objectivity

  6. The Continuum of Scientific Disciplines • Physics • Chemistry • Biology • Psychology • Sociology • Anthropology

  7. Metaphors for Understanding DevelopmentSeurat: A Sunday Afternoon on the Isle of La Grande Jatte

  8. Levels of Understanding Development: Reductionism and Anti-reductionism • Reductionism • Analyzing at a lower level of explanation • e.g., Using biological explanations to analyze a psychological issue (e.g., ADHD,dyslexia). • Antireductionism • Maintaining the analysis at the appropriate level.

  9. Dynamical Systems and Developmental Psychology • What is DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY? • Developmental Phylogenesis • Developmental Ontogenesis

  10. Phylogenic Contingencies and Ontogenic Contingencies • Developmental Phylogenesis • Change is species over evolutionary time • Phylogenic Contingencies - natural selection • Developmenal Ontogenesis - • Change in individual over lifespan • Ontogenic Contingencies - learning

  11. Developmental Ontogenesis and Dynamical Systems • Person/Environment Relations • These relations are constantly changing • Effects are reciprocal • Multiple influences • Development is nonlinear • Multiple directions of outcomes

  12. Development Is Analyzed at Different Levels of Systems • Level 1: Basic Processes • Level 2: (Emergent & Organized) Patterns of Behavior • Level 3: Social Interactions • Level 4: Society & Culture

  13. The Central Role of Learning for Development

  14. Learning and Evolution – Why learning ability should evolve • Animals with Fixed Action Patterns cannot adapt to changes in environment • Learning enables adaptation to changes in environmental contingencies.

  15. Learning & Evolution are Parallel Processes: • Learning – Behavior changes appear in individuals due to selection by environmental consequences in individual’s experiences. • Evolution – Structural changes appear in species due to selection by environmental consequences (natural selection) for the species.

  16. Learning is THE Process in Most Human Development • Inherited biological structures contribute to development. • The role of learning in the development of some behaviors (e.g., reflexes, perceptual abilities) is less. • For most behaviors, learning is the central process in their development.

  17. Learning Defined:“A relatively permanent change in behavior in relation to the environment that is due to experience.” • Change in behavior-environment relationship. • The change is relatively permanent • The change is due to experience

  18. What Do Developmental Psychologists Study? • Developmental Psychologists as Researchers • Applied Developmental Psychologists • Behavioral Pediatrics • Consultants • Child Clinical Psychologists • Marriage, Child, & Family Counselors

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