ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: BIO SENSORS (PALM VEIN SENSOR)

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: BIO SENSORS(PALM VEIN SENSOR) Prepared by: Soujanya Kuravi Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University Email: soujanya@cc.usu.edu ; T: (817)201-7748; (ECE Dept.) 3/10/2006

2. Outline • Reference list. • To probe further. • Basic definition of Biosensors. • Major applications. • A typical sample configuration in application: The Palm Vein Sensor. • Basic Working Principle Illustrated • Major applications • Major specifications • Limitations • Where to buy ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference List: • http://www.biometrics.org/bc2005/Presentations/Conference/1%20Monday%20September%2019/Poster%20Session/Watanabe_1568964435_BioSymposium_2005.pdf • http://www.fel.fujitsu.com/home/v3__palmvein.asp?page=faqs

4. To explore further:(survival pointers of web references) Web: www.fma.fujitsu.com and select “biometric sensors” or www.fujitsu.com.us.services/edevices/microelectronics/biometricsensors/ Web: www.fcpa.fujitsu.com/products/new-technologies/ ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. What are biosensors? Complex Definition: Biosensors are defined as analytical devices incorporating a biological material (e.g. tissue, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, natural products etc.), a biologically derived material (e.g. recombinant antibodies, engineered proteins, aptamers etc) or a biomimic (e.g. synthetic catalysts, combinatorial ligands, imprinted polymers) intimately associated with or integrated within a physicochemical transducer or transducing micro system, which may be optical, electrochemical, thermometric, piezoelectric, magnetic or micromechanical. Simple Definition: A biosensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. Ref: http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0010/Kumar/fig1.gif A BIOSENSING SYSTEM.

6. Major applications • Medical Tele-Sensor Chip: On a fingertip can measure and transmit body temperature. • Micro Cantilever Sensor: Can be adapted to detect physical, chemical, or biological activity. • Infrared micro spectrometer: Can be used for blood chemistry analysis, gasoline octane analysis, environmental monitoring, industrial process control, aircraft corrosion monitoring, and detection of chemical warfare agents. • PIEZOELECTRIC BIOSENSORS. • Immuno Sensor devices. • PALM VEIN SENSORS: Protects Data from Prying Eyes.

7. Give me Your Hand and You are SECURE!!

8. Working Principle of Palm Vein Sensor Palm Vein sensor captures the unique palm vein image via near-infrared radiation. The deoxygenated hemoglobin in the palm absorbs these rays causing the veins to appear as a black pattern. This vein pattern is then verified against vein patterns stored in a database to authenticate the individual.

9. Operation Principle Illustrated 1. The user first offers their hand to the PalmVein unit. 2. The Palm Vein sensor emits a near-infrared beam towards the presented palm. Unique properties of blood flowing in the veins results in the veins absorbing the near-infrared light.

10. Future system authentication for system log-on, access controls or identification is performed by comparing the actual scanned palm vein pattern and the secure registered template archived in the library. 3. The special optical system integrated into the Palm Vein sensor uses this phenomenon, to generate an image of the palm vein pattern. 4. The generated image is digitized, encrypted and finally stored as a registered template.

11. Applications • The PalmVein sensor is a biometric authentication device offering very high accuracy through the use of Internal physiological characteristics to support the demands of high level security applications. • The PalmVein sensor can be applied to use in access control systems, system log in solutions and for personal authentication solutions. • There are many market segments which are already requiring biometric solutions or which are very close to adopting biometric security solutions.

12. Access Control • The PalmVein sensor can be integrated into an access control system as either a standalone or a networked solution. This ensures a high level of authentication performance providing secure access to authorised individuals only for buildings, villas, apartments, and restricted areas and individual rooms.

13. Banking - ATM • Breaches of credit card server security and the incidence of card forgery and theft have highlighted the need for an increase in the security measures employed. The application of biometric solutions in ATMs or bank teller machines provide this high security environment. By using a smartcard, on which the client's unique palm vein pattern is stored, the client can authorise himself at an ATM by scanning his palm vein pattern to let the ATM compare it with palm vein pattern stored on the smartcard.

14. E-Commerce & Web Applications • An increasing number of customers are using the Internet for online banking and card holder not present transactions. To achieve a higher security level for such online financial transactions Fujitsu's PalmVein sensor can be used to authorise users access to dedicated trading web pages.

15. Biometric ID Card, E-Passport • To improve passports and ID-cards against forgery government and authorities need to apply biometric and embed biometric data in documents. The palm vein pattern is almost impossible to forge and is therefore ideal for such applications.

16. System Login • The PalmVein sensor can be also used for protecting sensitive computer networks or even data on an individual PC/notebook from unauthorised access. The palm vein pattern can be requested when a system is booting up (i.e.BIOS) or when the operating system is started replacing the password or to restrict user access to certain applications or data areas.

17. Automotive • Even with newest electronic anti-theft devices, the rate of stolen cars is still increasing. By using biometrics, like the PalmVein sensor, the car ignition systems can be enabled by registered persons only. PalmVein can also be employed to control access to cruise ships for passenger registration during boarding and disembarking.

18. Medical Environment • In the medical environment there is a strong demand for especially hygienic biometric devices. Fujitsu PalmVein meets this need by being a non-contact device. Applications can ensure access patient data is restricted or to maintain access to specific laboratories to the authorised. Computer systems can have an equal high security application allowing system log-in to approved medical staff. The PalmVein sensor can also be used to register medical patients and to secure prescription distribution.

19. QUERIES??

20. What operating system does Palm Vein use ? Palm Vein can operate under a number of operating systems with the most common applications running under Linux and Windows. How accurate is the Palm Vein sensor? The Palm Vein sensor has an FAR of 0.00008% when the FRR is 0.01%. Is the palm vein Pattern unique? Vascular patterns are unique to each individual -  even identical twins have different patterns. How often do one need to re-register with Palm Vein? Once registered there is no need to re-register unless the registered hand suffers significant trauma such as severe burns or deep laceration.

21. How often do one need to re-register with Palm Vein? Once registered there is no need to re-register unless the registered hand suffers significant trauma such as severe burns or deep laceration. How does Palm Vein detect a 'live hand'? The Palm Vein sensor can differentiate between 'live' and 'dead' hands.  How large is the template used in the Palm Vein sensor ? The template created by Palm Vein is a maximum size of 3 KB. Is Palm Vein more secure than other Biometrics? The Palm Vein sensor uses an internal biometric and is contact less therefore extremely difficult to forge. Palm vein patterns exist only inside the body and unlike other Biometrics cannot be copied or duplicated by use of photography, voice recording or fingerprints.

22. Does the temperature of hand affect authentication? The Palm Vein sensors uses reflection technology to capture the vein pattern and not transmission of light. The reflection method is less affected by temperature than transmission and the veins can easily be seen when the hand temperature is reduced. What environment restrictions apply to using Palm Vein? Fujitsu recommend that the Palm Vein sensor is used in internal environments only and not exposed to extremes of temperature, water or direct sunlight. Do children have to re-register with Palm Vein as they get older? Research indicates that the vein pattern does not change with age. It is not necessary to re-register on regular basis. Can one authenticate with left hand if he have registered only his right hand? No, each hand vein pattern is unique and needs to be registered independently.

23. Why is Palm Vein better than other vein technologies? Palm Vein patterns are the most complex compared to areas of the body used by other vein technologies. The palm of the hand has no hair growth and no significant variation in skin colour which make it easier to photograph the vascular pattern.  What market and applications can Palm Vein be used for? Palm Vein can be used in most areas where a biometric security solution is required, ATM, Access control system access as well as personnel identification. How secure is Palm Vein? Palm Vein is a highly secure biometric. Palm Vein uses an internal physiological characteristic which is highly robust and extremely difficult to forge and steal. What is the Palm Vein FRR? Palm Vein False Reject Rate is 0.01%. Palm Vein False Acceptance Rate is 0.00008%.

24. Major specifications • Supply voltage (from US bus power) 4.4 to 5.4V (Input current: up to 500mA) • Power consumption 2.5W or less • Interface USB 2.0 (High speed or full speed) • Photography distance (from filter surface) 50mm (Approx.) • Acoustic noise None • Operating temperature 5°C to 50°C • Storage temperature -5°C to 60°C • Outer dimensions 70mm x 70mm x 27mm • Weight 90g (approx.) • Supported OS Windows 2000 Pro, XP Pro

25. Where to Buy? Fujitsu palm vein sensors are marketed in the US by Fujitsu Computer Products of America. (FCPA)

26. Benefits The key benefits include: • Difficult to forge: Vein patterns are difficult to recreate because veins are inside the hand and blood needs to flow to register an image. • Contact-less: Users do not touch the sensing surface, which improves hygiene concerns and user acceptance. • Uses: Deployed in ATMs, hospitals and universities in Japan. Applications include ID verification, high security physical access control, high security network data access, POS access control, etc. • Capable of 1:1 and 1:many matching. Users' palms are matched against personalized ID cards/smart cards or against a database of many scanned palms.

27. Conclusion: • Fujitsu and Fujitsu Laboratories have developed a new model of their palm-vein security sensor that is smaller, faster and cheaper than this previous model. • The new sensor also conforms to an industry-standard API (application programming interface) and will be available globally later this year. The company will use the PalmSecure brand name for the product and technology.