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Sweden and the Sami People

Sweden and the Sami People. Legal History of Minorities Group 4. Introduction. Sami Culture and History Sami Legal Development The Situation for the Sami Today A quick look at Norway and Finland Proposed Constitution Conclusion .

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Sweden and the Sami People

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  1. Sweden and the Sami People Legal History of Minorities Group 4

  2. Introduction • Sami Culture and History • Sami Legal Development • The Situation for the Sami Today • A quick look at Norway and Finland • Proposed Constitution • Conclusion

  3. Sápmi region: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russian Kola Peninsula

  4. SamiHistory • Nordic countries’ only officially recognized indigenous people • 70,000 – 100,000 people • Inhabitation 10,000 years ago • Hunting, gathering, reindeer husbandry (entire herds domesticated)

  5. SamiCulture • Some Sami still live in tents. • 10 % earn a living from the reindeer husbandry • Meat production, milk, reindeer skin • Handicrafts (Duodji) • Traditional costume (gáktior kolt) • Sami languages: endangered

  6. Sami Legal Development • 16th century Gustav Vasa stated some rights. Taxes were to be paid to Denmark, Norway and Sweden. • 17th century under Kristina’s reign the Sami were force to work for the mine. Besides, some farmers settled in their lands without respecting their rights. • 1751 Sami Carta Magna. Sami people were allowed to cross the border between Norway and Sweden. • 20th century: different stages.

  7. First official flag of the Sami people was ratified on August 15, 1986 Sami Council in traditional clothing

  8. Sami Legal Development • At the beginning of the century the rights of the Sami were restricted again as a result of the creation of national parks, the legalization of small game hunting and fishing and once again the mining industry. • February 6 in 1917 the first Sami congress was held -> the Sami People’s Day. • In half of the twentieth century Sami united to defend their principles and traditions established: • The Sami Council. • In 1977 the Sami were recognized as the indigenous people of Sweden by the Riksdag (Parliament).

  9. Sami Today • Sami and Swedish Constitution • The Government Form: 1st chapter, 2nd article, and last paragraph • The Sami people’s and ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities’ possibilities to keep and develop their own life of culture and society shall be promoted (act 2010:1408 ) • Sami and the Legal Situation Today • Reindeer Industry Law (act 1971:437) • The Sami Council Law (act 1992:1433) • ILO Convention 169

  10. A quick look at Norway and Finland • Not recognized as a minority in Russia • Norwegian Constitution: Sami are protected under Article 110. • Sami Parliament- Reoccurring trends in Sweden, Finland, and Norway • Finland- focus on different language dialects Sami Parliament in Norway

  11. Proposed Constitution- Part 1 • Laws related to natural resource extraction should give clear consideration to the Sami, their livelihoods and their lands. In the decision processes Sami people and the Sami parliaments shall be more involved. Compensation for loss of pasture land due to natural resource extraction and other projects shall be granted.

  12. Proposed Constitution- Part 2 • The burden of proof relating to land claims and grazing shall be lessened.

  13. Proposed Constitution- Part 3 • The Swedish Sami parliament as the highest representative body of the Sami people shall enjoy more independence from the State institutions and authorities. Taking the interests of the Sami into full account it shall also be given the possibility of independent decision making.

  14. Proposed Constitution- Part 4 • Education is the central instrument to uphold the Sami culture, history, customs and especially their languages. Therefore, educational programmes shall be made available to all Sami, in particular to children. The number of teachers fluent in Sami languages shall be increased. Additionally, full access to public authorities in their languages shall be granted to the Sami.

  15. Conclusion • Compared to past years and other minorities, Sweden has taken better measures to ensure the protection and well-being of the Sami people. • However, Sweden (also Finland) has not ratified the Indigenous and Tribal People Convention (ILO Convention 169).

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