Air Law – Rules of the Air

1. Air Law – Rules of the Air Mr. Darcel Tautology – A statement of the obvious

2. MTPs • Right of Way • Required Documents • AROWJIL • Instruments Required for Day VFR • Night • A/C Lighting • A/C Logs • Technical v/ Journey • Pilot’s License Validity

3. Right of Way • Right of way does not remove collision avoidance responsibility; as pilot, take whatever action you deem necessary. • When approaching head-on, each pilot shall alter heading to: • Right • When converging, the a/c with the other on its Right shall give way

4. Right of Way • E mergencies • B alloons • G liders • A irships • P owered aircraft with slung load • P owered a/c • Helicopters

5. Right of Way • When overtaking, the a/c being overtaken has right of way. • Aircraft overtaking shall do so by passing on the Right • When on ground, must give way to aircraft approaching to land. • When on final approach, the lower a/c has the right of way • However, may NOT cut ahead of other a/c on final • Tip: Always the PIC’s responsibility

6. Required Documents • The documents below are required to be kept on board the aircraft at all times in order to lawfully operate said a/c. • A – certificate of Airworthiness • R – certificate of Registration • O – Operator’s manual • W – Weight and Balance documents • J – Journey Logbook (Unless t/o and landing in same place) • I – proof of Insurance • L – Licenses (ie, Pilot’s License, Radio Operator’s, Medical)

7. Required Documents • Certificate of Airworthiness • Issued by TC • States that under a certain set of conditions, a/c is fit for flight. • Conditions may be met by a specified maintenance schedule • Essentially, you are confirming this with your pre-flight inspection.

8. Required Instruments for Day VFR • As per CARs 605.14: • a) where the aircraft is operated in uncontrolled airspace, an altimeter; • (b) in controlled airspace, a sensitive altimeter adjustable for barometric pressure; • (c) an airspeed indicator; • (d) a magnetic compass or a magnetic direction indicator that operates independently of the aircraft electrical generating system; • (e) a tachometer for each engine and for each propeller or rotor that has limiting speeds established by the manufacturer; • (f) an oil pressure indicator for each engine employing an oil pressure system; • (g) a coolant temperature indicator for each liquid-cooled engine; • (h) an oil temperature indicator for each air-cooled engine having a separate oil system; • (j) a means for the flight crew, when seated at the flight controls to determine • (i) the fuel quantity in each main fuel tank, and • (ii) if the aircraft employs retractable landing gear, the position of the landing gear; • NB – Also need radio equipment where required

9. Required Instruments • F uel indicator • O il pressure/temp • G ear indicator • C ompass • A ltimeter • A SI • T achometer

10. Night • “The period of time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.” • Slight difference from FTGU, which states that it is “Anytime when the center of the sun’s disc is more than 6 degrees below the horizon.”

11. Night • A/C lighting: • Right Wingtip – Green light, visible for 2 nm in 110ᵒ • Left Wingtip – Red light, visible for 2 nm in 110ᵒ • Tail – White light, visible for 2 nm in 140ᵒ • “There is no red port left”

12. Aircraft Logs • Journey Log • A log detailing the total air time on the airframe, as well as any snags encountered. • A snag is a technical difficulty. Once recorded in the journey log, a/c becomes u/s until signed off by an AME (aircraft maintenance engineer. • All entries in log must be maintained for a period of no less than one year.

13. Aircraft Logs • Also, under CAR 605.92, “… a separate technical record for the airframe, each installed engine and each variable-pitch propeller” • This is the technical log; any idea why we have this? • Pitch – the distance travelled forward by the propeller per revolution

14. Pilot’s License Validity • Medical • License is only as valid if your medical is. • Validity period begins on the day of the examination. • Validity ends on the first day of the month following the examination. • Eg, Medical performed July 5 – It will expire 60 months later on August 1. • As pilots under 40, your medicals would be valid for 60 months, assuming you have a Class 3 medical. • A Class 1 medical is valid for only a year, but reverts to a Class 3 after this; four years until next examination after that.

15. Pilot’s License Validity • Medical (cont.) • A medical may be voided at any time, if conditions occur which may prevent the pilot from acting as PIC • Eg, Stroke, medications, pregnancy, etc.

16. Pilot’s License Validity • Currency (Need to meet both of these) • 5 Year Requirement: (Within last 60 months) • Must have acted as PIC within last 5 years, or; • Must have completed a review with an instructor, and written and passed the PSTAR exam within the last 12 months. • 2 Year Requirement: (Within last 24 months) • A number of things satisfy this criterion; includes review with an instructor, a self-paced recency questionnaire, attendance at a safety seminar conducted by TC… (full list in CARS 401.05)