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Your name Why are you enrolled in General Microbiology?

Your name Why are you enrolled in General Microbiology? How many pets do you have and what are their names? What is your favorite type of food? What is your favorite city in the world? What careers/jobs can you get that require you to take General Microbiology?.

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Your name Why are you enrolled in General Microbiology?

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  1. Your name • Why are you enrolled in General Microbiology? • How many pets do you have and what are their names? • What is your favorite type of food? • What is your favorite city in the world? • What careers/jobs can you get that require you to take General Microbiology?

  2. Why are microbes so fascinating? Lecture Why study microbes? Naming and categorization Lab Introduction Microscopes and measurements Pre-lab Aseptic technique Microbes in the environment

  3. What is a “microbe”?

  4. Why study them?

  5. Why study them? #1 INFECTIOUS DISEASE

  6. Disease Case #1: > 36 million infections since 1959 Symptoms Worldwide distribution Animal reservoir/ host The Microbe

  7. Disease Case #2: epidemic and pandemic status Symptoms US distribution Animal reservoirs The Microbe

  8. Disease Case #3: 29 outbreaks since 1976 Symptoms Primary distribution prior to 2014 Animal reservoirs/ hosts? The Microbe

  9. 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Status as of 8/15/14: Suspected/confirmed cases 2127 Suspected case deaths 1145 2014 Outbreak

  10. Ebola HV: the paradoxical virus Death from massive hemorrhage Death from catastrophic thrombosis

  11. Disease Case #2: epidemic and pandemic status Symptoms US distribution Animal reservoirs The Microbe

  12. Similarities? • All are viruses • All are zoonoses: diseases transmitted through an • animal reservoir • All have occurred with alarming frequency in the • past 50 years and represent…

  13. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) • Definition: New or changing diseases that are increasing in incidence or have potential to increase in the near future Some less exotic examples: - Avian influenza A (H5N1) and swine flu (H1N1) - Invasive Group A Streptococcus- “flesh eating” bacteria - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Hypervirulent drug-resistant Clostridium difficile Why are we seeing so many EIDs in the past half century?

  14. How do we study and keep track of all these diseases? • Epidemiology: study of the origin, frequency and distribution of diseases (CDC, MMWR, ISID, etc.)

  15. #2 Biotechnology What is biotechnology?

  16. #2 Biotechnology Examples: Chemotherapy: treatment of disease with a chemical 1. Synthetic drugs-man-made chemicals 2. Antibiotics-microbe-made chemicals Ex. Alexander Fleming’s penicillin from Penicillium notatum

  17. #2 Biotechnology • Examples: • Genetic manipulation: using genes from/in microbes (for example in gene therapy and genetic engineering)

  18. #3 Environmental role • Bioremediation- use of microbes or their enzymes to degrade, • detoxify, or otherwise decontaminate environmental hazards Pseudomonas spp. metabolize oil spill on Alaskan shore

  19. #4 Human health Microbiota= the microbes that live in and on our bodies - Roles Maintain health: intestinal and vaginal tracts, skin Cause disease: oral microbiota, overuse of antibiotics, opportunistic pathogens

  20. How do we study microbes?? • We observe them 2. We characterize them 3. We name them 4. We categorize them

  21. Naming- Binomial nomenclature 1730s Carolus Linnaeus Genusspecies Escherichia coli or E. coli Staphylococcus aureus or S. aureus Rickettsia rickettsii or R. rickettsii

  22. Categorization Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Kingdoms of Life Archaea Bacteria Protista (or Protoctista) Fungi Plantae Animalia (… and Viruses/ Prions)

  23. Independent Learning • Complete “APO-1: Microbiology- past and present” and turn in on • Thursday, 8/21. This is the first Additional Point Opportunity (APO) • and is an individual assignment. You can access APO-1 on my website: • http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/faculty/sdccd/lmurphy/microindex.htm • Review Chapters 2 and 4 for the basic chemistry and biology • principles you would have learned in your pre-requisite courses. • Pre-requisite quiz is on Thursday.

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