Identification and Location Services (ILS)

1. Identification and Location Services (ILS) Mark L. Younge P.E. ATIS GSC Delegation GSC-9, Seoul

2. Identification and Location Services (ILS) • Overview • Location Based Services (LBS) • Wireless Emergency Services (WES) • Technology Architecture • Positioning Technologies • ILS Standards Specifications GSC-9, Seoul

3. Identification and Location Services (ILS) • Definition • ILS is a suite of wireless mobility services aimed at providing the location and other information of a mobile subscriber (target) to an ILS subscriber(s) (client) to provide and/or augment commercial and public services. • Note: the ILS subscriber may also be the ILS client • Why ILS • Because you have to (Regulatory Mandate) • Competitive differentiation by providing highly personalized services based on the location and preferences of the subscriber and client • ILS Components • Location Based Services/Applications (LBS) • Technology Architecture GSC-9, Seoul

4. Location Based Services • Location based information • Personalized push/pull information services based on subscribers proximity to certain locations (e.g. Restaurants, retail stores, movie theaters, etc.) • Location sensitive billing • Rate plans based on proximity to home or work • Emergency services • The subscriber’s position is given to public service in order to dispatch on site emergency assistance (e.g. medical, fire, rescue, etc.) • Tracking • Monitoring thelocation and route of the subscriber in real time (e.g. transportation, security, surveillance, etc.) GSC-9, Seoul

5. Wireless Emergency Services (WES) • US Mandate for WES • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Order 94-102 requires: • Phase 0, October 1, 1997 - All 911 calls to be delivered to Public Safety Answer Points (PSAP) including non-initialized mobile devices • Phase I, April 1, 1998 - Provide a call back number and location data to PSAP • Phase II October 1, 2001 - Provide caller location within 125 meters 67% of the time based on a root mean square (RMS*) average • Phase II + (to be phased in over a 4 year period) • Handset based - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time • Network based - 100 meters 67% of the time, 300 meters 95% of the time • Hybrid - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time 2014-07-15 GSC-9, Seoul

6. LBS Technology Architecture • Positioning • Probabilistic determination of spatial coordinates of a target • Geographic Information Systems • Tools to provision and administer base map data such as man made structures (streets, buildings) and terrain (mountains, rivers) • Manage point-of-interest data such as location of gas stations, restaurants, nightclubs, etc. • Information about the radio frequency characteristics of the mobile network • Location Management Function • Processes positioning and GIS data on behalf of LBS applications • Gateway and mediator between positioning equipment and LBS infrastructure GSC-9, Seoul

7. Positioning Methods • Network-based Mobile Positioning Technology - Position of target determined in the mobile network • Mobility signaling information • Position Determination Equipment/Location Management Unit (PDE/LMU) • Handset-based Mobile Positioning Technology - Position of target determined by terminal • Global Positioning System • MAP and radio propagation data processed by a positioning algorithm in the terminal GSC-9, Seoul

8. Network-based Mobile Positioning • SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning - leverage the SS7 and IN network to obtain location, especially for mid-call/session position updates • SS7 message may contain the cell of origin (COO) or cell ID of the corresponding cell site currently serving the user • GSM MAP Any Time Interrogation (ATI) • ANSI-41 Position Request (PosReq) messages respectively for positioning • LBS application can be middle-ware as an Service Control Function (SCF) launching a message (MAP ATI or PosReq) to the HLR for position information. The HLR may respond with approximate information (such as the COO) or more precise information (such as TA or NMR as in the case with GSM). GSC-9, Seoul

9. Network-based Mobile Positioning • Angle of Arrival (AOA) • Angle of received signal from handset • Requires adaptive antenna technology • Time of Arrival (TOA) • Timing Advance (TA) or Round Trip Timing (RTT) from handset • Radio Propagation Techniques • Level of received signal vs. Position determine previously determined mapping of the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of cell area • Hybrid Methods • Use the best of AOA, TOA, and RF to provide improved positioning GSC-9, Seoul

10. SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning Cell coverage area="Service area" Sector MS Base station Base station coverage GSC-9, Seoul

11. Angle of Arrival (AOA) Cell coverage area="Service area" Sector AOA Up Link Signal MS Base station Base station coverage GSC-9, Seoul

12. Angle of Arrival (AOA) Cell coverage area="Service area" Sector AOA Multi-path Multi-path MS Base station Base station coverage GSC-9, Seoul

13. Time of Arrival (TOA) Sector Timing Advance MS Base station Base station coverage GSC-9, Seoul

14. Up Link Time Difference of Arrival U-TDOA Hyperbolic Trilateration SDCCH, TCH -ToA SDCCH, TCH -ToA MS GSC-9, Seoul

15. Radio Propagation Techniques GSC-9, Seoul

16. Hybrid AOA + TOA Cell coverage area="Service area" Sector AoA Timing Advance MS Base station Base station coverage GSC-9, Seoul

17. Handset-based Mobile Positioning • Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) • Round Trip Timing (RTT) derived TOA from 3+ base stations • Idle Period Downlink OTD Of Arrival IPDL-OTDOA • Trilateration of UTRAN frame timing to/from 3+ base stations • Enhanced/Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (E/AFLT) • Trilateration of CDMA messages from base stations • Global Positioning System (GPS) • GPS receiver in handset • Assisted GPS (A-GPS) • Additional network equipment deployed to calculate and relay relative position along with satellite GPS information to the handset. GSC-9, Seoul

18. Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) Round Trip Timing Round Trip Timing Round Trip Timing MS GSC-9, Seoul

19. IPDL-OTDOA Hyperbolic Trilaleration UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD GSC-9, Seoul

20. Enhanced/Advanced FLT Hyperbolic Trilaleration GSC-9, Seoul

21. d 2 Neighbor d Base station 1 Neighbor Measurement Base Station error margin d 0 Serving base station Hyperbolic Trilaleration di - dj = c (Dti - Dtj) GSC-9, Seoul

22. The Global Positioning System ephemeris, almanac, clock... ephemeris, almanac, clock... ephemeris, almanac, clock... MS Base station GPS Ground Station GSC-9, Seoul

23. The GPS Problem ephemeris, almanac, clock... MS Base station GPS Ground Station GSC-9, Seoul

24. Assisted GPS (A-GPS) ephemeris, almanac, clock... ephemeris, almanac, clock... DGPS, timing, xyz Base station GPS Reference Receiver MS GPS Ground Station GSC-9, Seoul

25. Positioning Technology Accuracy Network FCC Requirements IN/SS7 Cell ID 200m-10km Network based - 100 meters 67% of the time, 300 meters 95% of the time AOA 100m-2km TOA,TA 500 m EFLT U-TDOA 250 – 350m TOA, RTT 100-200m E-OTD AFLT 50-200m GSM Handset based/Hybrid - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time GPS 60s, 10-30m A-GPS 1s, 1-10m IDEN, CDMA A-GPS/AFLT CDMA Summary of Positioning Technologies GSC-9, Seoul

26. ILS/LCS Standards • GSM Stage 1 • TS 02.71 LCS; Stage 1 • GSM Stage 2 • TS 03.59 LCS GERAN • TS 03.71 LCS; Functional description • GSM Stage 3 • TS 04.30 LCS; Supplementary service operations • TS 04.31 LCS; Mobile Station (MS) - Serving Mobile Location Centre (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP) • TS 04.35 LCS; Broadcast network assistance for Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) and Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning methods • TS 04.71 LCS; Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification • TS 09.31 LCS; Base Station System Application Part LCS Extension(BSSAP-LE) GSC-9, Seoul

27. ILS/LCS Standards • 3GPP Stage 1 • TS 22.071 LCS; Functional description • 3GPP Stage 2 • TS 23.171 LCS; Functional description (UMTS) • TS 23.271 LCS; Functional description • TR 23.835 Study into applicability of Galileo in LCS • TR 23.871 Enhanced support for user privacy in LCS • 3GPP Stage 3 • TS 24.030 LCS; Supplementary service operations • 3GPP2 • IS-801 Position Determination Service Standard for Dual • Mode Spread Spectrum Systems • IS-801A Assisted GPS A-GPS GSC-9, Seoul

28. WES/LBS Standards PCS 1900/CDMA • J-STD-036-A-2002 Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase 2 incorporates a mobile positioning center (MPC) that would provide the location manager middle-ware function for WES as well as commercial based LBS. GSC-9, Seoul

29. Acknowledgements • Margaret Livingston, Nokia • Mobile in a Minute • Openwave • Fall Creek Consultants • True Position • Manifest Technology • Universal Wireless Communications Communications Consortium (UWC) GSC-9, Seoul