The Expansion of Trade

1. The Expansion of Trade Chapter 2

2. The Expansion of Trade • Worldview Inquiry • What impact might increased trade and business have on a society’s worldview?

3. Vocabulary • City-states • Hinterland • Usury • Republic

4. Marco Polo • Italian Merchant • Born in Venice in 1254 • Traveled to Asia with father • Father taught him to be an explorer • Died in 1324

5. The Rise of International Trade • Silk Road • Connected the Mediterranean to the Pacific Ocean • More than goods traded • Ideas and knowledge • Few Europeans on Silk Road • Why?

6. The Crusades and Trade • Religious wars between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land • Four major Crusades • 1096 – 1204 • Followed the Silk Road • Traders later followed this road.

7. The Crusades and Trade • Two important results • Contact with Muslim Civilization • Trade

8. Contact with Muslims • More advanced than Europeans • Due to travels and contacts • Had knowledge of: • Medicine • Astronomy • Philosophy • Math • Ancient literature • Welcomed Europeans

9. Trade • Many new goods: • Oils • Spices • New varieties of fruit • Jewels • Rugs • Fabrics • Europeans could not get enough • Trade begins

10. Most Important Good • Spices • Improved taste of food • Pepper most valuable • Worth more than gold • Traders from all over Europe came to ports • Caused the price increase.

11. Renaissance Trade Routes Read page 44 and answer questions

12. The Italian City-States • Most countries did not have the same borders as today. • Most were kingdoms and empires ruled by monarchs. • Italy was not even a country. • It was a city-state.

13. Florence City-State • A city-state consists of a city that is politically independent and the rural area around it. This rural area is called the hinterland. • What are some city-states that exist today?

14. Success of City-States • Italian City-States were “in the right place at the right time” to become the wealthiest cities in Europe. • Successful because: • Geography • Climate • Leadership • Social Organization

15. Geography • Italy was closest to the port cities of Northern Africa. • Spices and other goods to trade. • Cheapest for Italians to transport using the sea rather than land.

16. Climate • Mild climate • Trade and travel not interrupted by winter • Long growing season • Olives for cooking oil • Grapes for wine

17. Leadership • Most countries in Europe were monarchies (ruled by king or queen) • Italian City-States had their own governments and armies. • Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa most powerful • Trading, Banking, Business

18. Medici Family Social Organization • Italian City-States did not have a strong sense of Feudalism • What’s that again? • Nobles wanted to live in towns, not manors. • Became involved in business and politics.

19. Competition for Trade • Rivalry for trade. • Genoa and Venice fought over the Mediterranean. • Venice is easily defended. • Became important to the far East and Africa. • Thousands of ships traveling the seas.

20. Competition for Trade • Genoa controlled another major part of trade. • Important to Spanish ports. • Equal with Venice for centuries. • Battled Venice and lost • Never regained it’s power.

21. Commerce in the City-States • Merchants were wealthy. • Made money by buying goods in one place and selling it higher in another place. • Bought finished goods and resources.

22. Doing Business • Read p. 51 and answer the following questions: • In which business model would you rather be a worker? Why? • Which model do you think would lead to the growth of business? Why? • What values does each model represent? • Which model do you think is generally followed in today’s society? Explain

23. Making Money With Money • Bankers and merchants brought wealth. • Florence established bank house in Europe. • The currency “Florin” was the most important of all. • Usury became important. • Charging interest on loans. • Church said it was sinful

24. The Church and Money • Forgave the sin • Needed to encourage investment in trade. • Allowed interest for: • Trading voyages where shipwreck or pirates were possible • Italians eventually made new practices to make trade easier

25. Smart Italians • Florence competed with other city-states. • Italian bankers traveled Europe. • People who were exposed to Italians were impressed with beautiful cities and their sophistication. • Everyone began spreading Italian values and ideas across Europe.

26. New Business Practices

27. What About the Black Death? • Sent economy into depression. • Italy did not recover until 1500s. • Merchants and bankers continued to grow wealthy because of trade. • Rich spent money on arts and beautification of cities. • Made citizens loyal and prideful.

28. The Medici Family • Read about the Medici Family on p. 54 • Answer the following questions: • Consider why so many Medici met violent deaths, some engineered by family members. • Which factors in the worldviews icon explain the success of the Medici Family? • In what ways did the economic power of the Medici affect their role as citizens of Florence?

29. Cheat Sheet • Success of Northern City-States • Canadian cities (geography) • Positives and negatives to trade. • 2 important results from crusades. • Northern Italy compared to rest of Europe.

30. You are Josephine Amee, a merchant visiting Genoa. A trading ship has just arrived in the Italian port loaded with goods from the East. Write a letter to the mayor, François Fillon, of your town in the French Alps informing him of what life is like in Genoa. Keep in mind the writer comes from a different geographical setting and thus has different experiences and worldview. Your address is: 15234 – 11 St Genoa, IT T5X 3P3 Italy The mayor’s address is: 7012 – 15 St Belfort, PR T5Z 4L9 France Performance Task