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Chemistry Unit 1

This guide covers essential concepts in scientific notation and metric conversions, critical for understanding and working with very large and small numbers in chemistry. Learn how to convert between scientific and decimal forms, perform multiplication and division with exponents, and utilize the International System (SI) for metric measurements. Practice conversions with common metric prefixes and use the factor-label method for unit conversions. Strengthen your skills with practical examples and quizzes to ensure a solid grasp of these foundational topics in chemistry.

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Chemistry Unit 1

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  1. Chemistry Unit 1 Scientific Notation and Metrics

  2. Scientific Notation • Working with very big and very small numbers • A whole number and a decimal multiplied by a power of 10 • Examples: 6.5 x 109 3.4 x 1010 8 x 10-3

  3. Converting to scientific notation • Move the decimal • 5,400,000.0 • 5.4 x 106 • 0.00000000345 • 3.45 x 10-9 • HINT: Large numbers  positive exponentsSmall numbers  negative exponents

  4. Converting to decimal form • Positive exponent— move decimal to the right • Negative exponent—move the decimal to left • 4.5 x 107 • 45,000,000.0 • 7.89 x 10-4 • 0.000789 • 10-2 • Think of this as 1 x 10-2 • 0.01 • What about 100? • 100 = 1 So 3.5 would be 3.5 x 100

  5. Multiplication • Multiply numbers and ADD exponents • (2 x 10 4) x (3.4 x 10-3) • 6.8 x 101 • (2.3 x 10 -2) x (5 x 107) • 11.5 x 105 • WHAT’S WRONG?? • Not in standard scientific notation!! • 11.5 x 105 • 1.15 X 106

  6. Division • Divide numbers and SUBTRACT exponents 2 x 1035 0.333 x 107 3.33 x 106

  7. International System (SI) of Measurement Metric Prefixes:

  8. Metric Conversions • 1,000.0 cm = _____ km? • Move the decimal the number of spaces on the number line, in the correct direction • 0.01 km

  9. Try these: • ______ cm = 1 meter • 100 cm • ______mm = 1 meter • 1,000 mm • 4,000,000 bytes = _______Mbytes • 4 Mbytes • 85 kilodollars = _______dollars • 85,000 dollars

  10. To help you remember try these: • 10-2 mental • 10-6 scope • 106 phone • 101 ration • Ba 10-9

  11. Mini Quiz 1 (Lab 2 Day) • Convert to Scientific Notation • 0.00000456 4.56 X 10-6 • 267,000,000,000.0 2.67 X 1011 Solve 3. (2.3 x 105) x (4.5 x 10-9) = 10.35 X 10-4 = 1.035 X 10-3 4. 26 km = ____ mm 26,000,000 5. 568 µg = ____ g 0.000568 g

  12. Derived Units Based on other units (combinations) • Speed  m/sec • Area  cm2 or m2 • Volume  cm3 or dm3 • Density  g/ml or g/cm3 Demo: 1 ml = 1 cm3 1 L = 1 dm3

  13. Factor Label Method • Useful ALL YEAR!!!! • Use known facts to convert units

  14. Conversion Factors • Length: 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 mi = 5280 ft 1000 m = 1 km • Mass: 1 kg = 2.2 lbs • Volume: 354 ml = 12 fl oz. 1 L = 1.06 qts

  15. Rules **** Start with given units.  Use conversion factors to multiply or divide  All units should cancel out, except your desired units.

  16. Examples • 2 hrs = ____ min

  17. 3 miles = _____ inches

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