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Understanding Valence Electrons and Types of Chemical Bonds in Physical Science

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This comprehensive guide explores the concept of valence electrons and their significance in chemical bonding. It details the number of valence electrons in various elements belonging to Groups 1 to 8, discusses oxidation numbers, and explains the types of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Learn about how ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals, the nature of covalent bonds among non-metals, and the characteristics of metallic bonding in metals. Gain insight into practical examples for better understanding.

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Understanding Valence Electrons and Types of Chemical Bonds in Physical Science

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Physical science notes

  2. Valence electrons • Electrons on outer shell

  3. Valence electrons • Group 1- 1 valence electron • Group 2- 2 valence electrons • Group 3- 3 valence electrons • Group 4- 4 valence electrons • Group 5- 5 valence electrons • Group 6- 6 valence electrons • Group 7- 7 valence electrons • Group 8- 8 valence electrons-except He (2)

  4. Oxidation numbers

  5. Metal reactivity

  6. Types of bonding • Ionic bond • Covalent bond • Metallic bond

  7. Ionic bonds • An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. Non-metals(-ve ion) are "stronger" than the metal(+ve ion) and can get electrons very easily from the metal. • These two opposite ions attract each other and form the ionic bond.

  8. Ionic bond

  9. examples

  10. Common ionic bonds • NaCl • KBr • LiO

  11. Covalent bonds • A covalent bond is formed between two non-metals that have similar electronegativities. Neither atom is "strong" enough to attract electrons from the other • For stabilization, they share their electrons from outer molecular orbit with others

  12. Covalent bonds

  13. Covalent bonds

  14. Covalent bonds

  15. Metallic bonding • Formed between atoms of metallic elements • Electron cloud around atoms • Good conductors at all states, lustrous, very high melting points • Examples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, Co

  16. Metallic bonds

  17. Metallic bonds

  18. practice • What type of bond?

  19. NaCl • CH4

  20. answers • NaCl=ionic (metal+nonmetal) • CH4=covalent (2 nonmetals share e-) • Silver (Ag) below=metallic bond

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