Plant Life Cycle 4.01 Explain the growth process of plants .

1. Plant Life Cycle4.01 Explain the growth process of plants.

2. When a seed has sunlight, air, water, and nutrients it will begin to germinate, or start to grow. This young plant that grows from a seed is called a seedling.

3. Seeds • Seeds are formed in the center part of the flower or fruit. • Seeds come in many shapes and sizes. • Mature, fertilized ovules!

4. What is seed? • A mature ovule containing an embryo • The sexual reproductive unit in a plant • Consists of 4 parts: • Embryo • Storage tissue • Seed coat • Developing plant

5. Seed Coat Seed Leaf Stored Food Developing Plant Parts of a Seed

6. Embryo • A complete miniature plant in resting stage • Each has a root, stem, or one or two seed leaves (called cotyledons) • Divided into 2 parts: • Hypocotyl • Forms lower stem and roots • Epicotyl • Forms all plant part above first node

9. Stems-Internal • Monocot : examples: corn, grasses • Dicot: example: trees

10. Storage Tissue • Stored food to be used by plant in first stages of growth • Stored in endosperm in corn • Stored in cotyledon in beans

11. Seed Coat The hard covering that protects the seed (endosperm & embryo) is the ... First to emerge through a protective sheath…. Radicle Emerging shoot that becomes the stem…. Plumule

12. Planting Animals Water Wind How Seeds Are Scattered

13. About seeds The fruit breaks open. The seeds fall. The wind blows the plant and the seeds fall out.

14. About seeds dandelion Some seeds have parachutes. The wind blows the seeds away. Some seeds have wings. They fly through the air for a long way.

15. About seeds Animals help disperse some seeds.

16. The life of a plant begins as a seed. Once you plant and water a seed it begins to germinate. The root pushes through the seed coat. The seedling grows out of the ground. The stem and its leaves point to the sunlight. The leaves make its own food. Flowers begin to bloom and make seeds. New seeds are formed and scattered. What is this process called? How a Seed Grows into a New Plant

17. The Life Cycle of a Plant

18. Life Cycle of a Plant

19. Otherwise know as sexual reproduction!

20. The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed.

21. The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Leaves start to grow.

22. The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Leaves start to grow. More leaves grow. Flower buds appear.

23. The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Leaves start to grow. More leaves grow. Flower buds appear. The flowers open.

24. The life cycle of a plant The petals die. The flowers make a fruit with seeds inside.

25. The life cycle of a plant The petals die. The flowers make a fruit with seeds inside. The fruit dries and falls.

27. How deep??? • Depends on size of seeds • Plant no more that 1 ½ times the diameter of the seed. • Larger seeds are planted deeper • Smaller seeds are planted shallow • Water small seeds from the bottom by soaking to prevent burying them

28. Germination rate • The % of seeds that sprout Example 75 of 100 = 75% • Are affected by temperature and moisture • Vary depending on type of plant and quality (viability) of the seed • Seed viability is the seed’s capability of growing or developing.

29. Seedlings • The first sets of leaves are call cotyledons • Monocots produce one seed leaf • Dicots produce two seed leaves • True leaves are the second set of leaves • Transplant seedlings when the first true leaves appear • Before planting in the outdoor envionment, reduce humidity and water and make the environment more like the outside to “Harden off” plants.

30. Sexual propagationAdvantages It is a fast way to get many plants It is easy to do It is economical Disadvantages Some plants, especially hydrids, do not reproduce true to parents Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds