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DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD. A clash of three cultures. A clash of three cultures. A clash of three cultures. A clash of three cultures: Natives, Europeans, and Africans. A clash of three cultures. Culture # 1. The First Americans: Native Americans.

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DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

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  1. DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD A clash of three cultures A clash of three cultures A clash of three cultures A clash of three cultures: Natives, Europeans, and Africans A clash of three cultures

  2. Culture # 1 The First Americans: Native Americans

  3. Were they REALLY natives?Where did they come from?

  4. Pre-Columbian time period. • First Americans came from Asia • Supposedly crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age • Following a food source • Gradual migration

  5. Early Human Migrations • 1st Migration, 38,000-1800 BCE • 2nd Migration, c. 10,000-4,000 BCE • 3rd Migration, c. 8,000-3,000 BCE

  6. Iroquois Confederacy

  7. The Great Societies of Mexico and South America

  8. Culture # 2 The Europeans

  9. The Second Culture: The Europeans 1- Spanish vs. Portugal Domination1451-1588 2- The French 1520- 1763-Kicked out of North America as a result of losing the French and Indian War 3- The English- 1607-1776

  10. European movement EUROPEAN MOVEMENT ONTO NATIVE AMERICAN LAND

  11. Indirect Causes of European Explorations

  12. Motives for European Exploration Crusades = by-pass intermediaries (Muslims) to get to Asia for spices, perfumes, medicine, silk, etc. Renaissance = curiosity about other lands and peoples. Reformation = refugees & missionaries. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. Technological advances. Fame and fortune.

  13. Some of the Motivations for exploration Are explained in greater detail on the next few slides

  14. # 1 The Crusades The Crusadeswere a series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims from the1090s-1270sover control of the Holy Land. The Holy Land The Middle East

  15. The Crusades were important because... Asia Europeans ventured to Asia for the first time.

  16. Effects of the Crusades Europeans were introduced to new foods and products, such as spices and silks There was a renewed interest in trade.

  17. People came into contact with others outside of their feudal manors. Ideas and learning became more widespread.

  18. # 2 Renaissance

  19. “Renaissance” (1400-1600)was a rebirth of ideas and learning that had flourished in ancient Greek and Roman times.

  20. During theRenaissance, people used their leisure time to create and invent wonderful things. Gutenberg printed books.

  21. Michelangelo painted and sculpted. magnified the heavens. Galileo

  22. Shakespeare wrote. Leonardo invented and painted

  23. The height of European exploration occurred during theRenaissance.

  24. Trade With Asia • European countries became increasingly interested in trading for the spices found in Asia • However, the journey was long and dangerous

  25. Silk Road In 1453 the Muslims take Constantinople(Turkey) and now make overland routes more dangerous

  26. # 3 New Technological advances

  27. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

  28. New Weapons Technology

  29. NEW WORLD OLD WORLD

  30. Direct Causes for European Exploration

  31. Direct Causes = 3 G’s • Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY) • Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD) • Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD) The 3 motives reinforce each other

  32. European explore EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1400 TO 1600 • EFFECTS • Europeans reach and settle Americas • Expanded knowledge of world geography • Growth of trade, mercantilism and capitalism • Indian conflicts over land and impact of disease on Indian populations • Introduction of the institution of slavery • Columbian Exchange

  33. Columbian Exchangeor the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphillis * Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria* Diptheria * Whooping Cough ThColumbian Exchange: An Overview | Scholastic.come

  34. A closer look…. European Colonization

  35. European Colonization European Colonization • When the New World is discovered, the Big 4 four European countries start to compete for control of North America and the world: Spain Dutch France Portugal

  36. The Portuguese European Colonization • The Portuguese were the first to begin searching for an all water route to Asia….. • Prince Henry the Navigator – 1450’s • Colonized the South America in the area of what would become Brazil

  37. Explorers Sailing For Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal - Funded Exploration down coast of Africa - 1419-1460 • Vasco da Gama - Portugal - Opened trade with India - Placed Portugal in position to dominate trade with India - 1498 • Pedro Cabral- Portugal - Claimed present day Brazil for Portugal – 1500

  38. The Spanish • Started in Caribbean, then Central and South America—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531) • First permanent colonies in what will become United States are founded by Spain • St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to protect Spanish treasure fleets

  39. Spanish Exploration • Columbus • Balboa • Cortes • Pizzaro • De Leon • De Soto • Coronado • Vespucci

  40. Explorers Sailing For Spain • Columbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies” - 1492 • Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world - 1522

  41. Columbus’ Four Voyages

  42. Other Spanish Explorers • Ponce De Leon - Established colony at Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida - 1508 • Vasco de Balboa - Established settlement in Panama - 1st European to see Pacific Ocean - 1513 • Francisco de Coronado - Explored north from Mexico; up Colorado River; saw Grand Canyon -1540 • Hernando de Soto - Explored Florida into Carolina’s and west to the Mississippi River - 1541

  43. Explorers Sailing For Spain & Portugal • Amerigo Vespucci- Italian sailing for both Spain and Portugal - Sailed to the America’s - Amerigo is his first name (where we get “America”) - 1501

  44. First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsCortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519 and took control of modern day Mexico. vs. Hernando Cortés Montezuma II

  45. The Death of Montezuma II

  46. Mexico Surrenders to Cortés

  47. First Spanish Conquests: The IncasPizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532 vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

  48. The Colonial Class System PeninsularesSpanish ancestory CreolesSpanish and Black mixture. MestizosSpanish and Indian mixture MulattosWhite American and Black mixture Black Slaves Native Indians

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