'Alkyl halide' diaporamas de présentation

Organic Chemistry

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Alkyl Halides

Alkyl Halides. Name the following alkyl halides. How are alkyl halides prepared?. From alkanes Free radical halogenation From alkenes Hydrohalogenation Halogenation From alcohols. Free Radical Chlorination. Experimental Evidence Helps to Determine Mechanism.

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Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides

Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides. Overview of Chapter. This chapter introduces chemical reactions and their mechanisms by focusing on two reactions that yield alkyl halides. (1) alcohol + hydrogen halide ROH + HX ? RX + H 2 O (2) alkane + halogen

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Classes of Halides

=>. Classes of Halides. Alkyl: Halogen, X, is directly bonded to sp 3 carbon. Vinyl: X is bonded to sp 2 carbon of alkene. Aryl: X is bonded to sp 2 carbon on benzene ring. Examples:. Polarity and Reactivity. Halogens are more electronegative than C.

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Chapter 24. Amines

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Chapter 8 Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry 6 th Edition Paula Yurkanis Bruice. Chapter 8 Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides. What is a substitution reaction?. The atom or group that is substituted or eliminated in these reactions is called a leaving group. Alkyl halides have relatively good leaving groups.

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Chapter 6 Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination

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Chapter 24. Amines

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? ? ? ??? Halohydrocarbon

? ? ? ??? Halohydrocarbon. ???? Organic Chemistry. ?? : ??? ?? ???????. Teaching contents. Classification of Halogen-Substituted Hydrocarbons ( TO ) Nomenclature of Halogen-Substituted Hydrocarbons ( TO ) Preparation of Halogen-Substituted Hydrocarbons ( TO )

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Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides

Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides. Overview of Chapter. This chapter introduces chemical reactions and their mechanisms by focusing on two reactions that yield alkyl halides. (1) alcohol + hydrogen halide ROH + HX ? RX + H 2 O (2) alkane + halogen

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Alcohols

Alcohols. Nomenclature of alcohols: IUPAC system ???? ??? alkane ? ???? ??? ??? e ? ??????? ? ol ? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? OH ??? ?????. ?? ???? alkene or alkyne ???? ??? e ? ??????? ? ol ? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? OH ??? ?????.

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Chapter 10 Organohalides

Chapter 10 Organohalides. What Is an Organohalide?. An organic compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (C-X) X (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces H Can contain many C-X bonds Properties and some uses Fire-resistant solvents Refrigerants Pharmaceuticals and precursors. Why this Chapter?.

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10. Organohalides

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Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides

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Chapter 8: Nucleophilic Substitution 8.1: Functional Group Transformation By Nucleophilic Substitution. Nucleophiles are Lewis bases (electron-pair donor) Nucleophiles are often negatively charged (more reactive) and used as their Li + , Na + , or K + salt

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Organic Chemistry Mechanisms for Dummies

Organic Chemistry Mechanisms for Dummies. By Zachary Denkensohn and Joshua Weiss. Free Radical Substitution. An alkane plus a halogen yields an alkyl halide and a hydrogen halide. Initiation. Cl. Cl. The UV rays break the bond between the two chlorine atoms. Products:. Cl. Cl. RADICALS.

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Cobalt(I) Complex Nucleophile: Catalysis of Sn 2 Reactions with Alkyl Halides

Cobalt(I) Complex Nucleophile: Catalysis of Sn 2 Reactions with Alkyl Halides. Kinetics of Bimolecular Substitution Reactions. A Brief Introduction. Half a century ago, it was a common belief that organocobalt compounds were reactive and thermodynamically unstable .

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8.11 Substitution and Elimination as Competing Reactions

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Conversion of Alcohols into Alkyl Halides

Conversion of Alcohols into Alkyl Halides. Reactions with HX, SOCl 2 , PBr 3. Conversion of Alcohol into a Leaving Group. Form Tosylate ( p- TsCl, pyridine) Use strong acid (H 3 O + ) Convert to Alkyl Halide (HX, SOCl 2 , PBr 3 ). Alcohols to Alkyl Halides. S N 1: Carbocations can Rearrange.

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Which of the following reactions is favored by the use of a nucleophile which is a strong base?

Which of the following reactions is favored by the use of a nucleophile which is a strong base?. S N 1 S N 2 E1 E2. Which is the best way to make an alkene?. Dehydration of an alcohol Dehydrohalogenation of an alkyl halide Dehydration of an alkyl halide Dehydrohalogenation of an alcohol.

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