End areas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction

Introduction. Persons engaged in surveying are often called to determine volumes of various types of material. The most common unit of volume is cubic having edges of unit length. Cubic feet, cubic yard or cubic meter. Method of Volume Measurement. Three principal systems are used :

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437 views • 33 slides

Earthwork

Earthwork. Cross Section and Borrow Pit Methods. This lecture covers: Readings: 26-1 to 26-6, 26-8 to 26-10. Figures: 26-1 to 26-4, 26-6, and 26-7 Plate B-5 page 893, and B-2 page 890 Examples:26-1 and 26-3. Volumes. Usage: Quantities of earthwork and concrete

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626 views • 27 slides

ADVANCE SURVEYING

ADVANCE SURVEYING. Areas from cross-sections. Two-level section in filling. The same formula as derived above is applicable. Hence if b, h, n, m are given h 1 , h 2 , w 1 and w 2 can be computed and the area obtained as shown above. Side hill two-level section

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542 views • 12 slides

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