'Equilibrium constant' diaporamas de présentation

Carbonate System and pH. Why study the carbonate system? Involves carbonic acid – an example of an acid-base reaction pH of most water controlled by CO 2 Can be generalized to other systems: Phosphoric, Sulfuric, Nitric, Silicic etc. Model.

Lecture 12 – Electrophoresis. Ch 24 pages 650-652. Summary of Lecture 11. The rate at which equilibrium is reached depends on hydrodynamic properties such as the diffusion coefficient

SC2 Students will relate how the Law of Conservation of Matter is used to determine chemical composition in compounds and chemical reactions. f. Explain the role of equilibrium in chemical reactions. . What causes chemical reactions to attain equilibrium? .

Michael Berger (Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria): Ligand/Receptor Interaction. L*. http://cwx.prenhall.com/horton/medialib/media_portfolio/09.html. Wenn Du mit anderen ein Schiff bauen willst, Antoine de Saint Exupery.

Bell Ringer. Which of the following aqueous solutions will cause litmus paper to turn red? A NaOH B NaCl C HCl D H 2 O. pH. 1-6. 7. 8-14. Solution Added. Acid. Neutral. Base. Litmus paper changes from. Blue to Red. Does not Change. Red to Blue. Source: 2003 VA EOC Exam.

Acid-Base Equilibria. Acids and bases are some of the more commonly encountered chemicals Acids and Bases control composition of blood and cell fluids, affect flavors, involved in digestion Bases used in house hold cleaners (NH 3 -based cleansers) Acid rain is an environmental problem

ACTIVITY. Activity Coefficients. No direct way to measure the effect of a single ion in solution (charge balance) Mean Ion Activity Coefficients – determined for a salt (KCl, MgSO 4 , etc.) g ±KCl = [( g K )( g Cl )] 1/2 K sp = g ±KCl 2 (mK + )(mCl - )

AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. 2008 SPECIFICATIONS. KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING. KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. INTRODUCTION

Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics. Chemistry, The Central Science , 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten and Catherine J. Murphy. Donna Narsavage Heald Siena College Loudonville, NY  2009, Prentice Hall. Which substance will have the highest entropy?.

The Gibbs Free Energy Function and Phase Transitions. D H. D S=. -6007 J. =. = -21.99 J/K. T. 273.15K. H 2 O(l) --> H 2 O(s) Normal freezing point of H 2 O = 273.15K

Reaction Rates & Equilibrium. Rates of Reaction (rxn.) Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Determining Whether a Reaction Will Occur Calculating Entropy and Free Energy The Progress of Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equilibria. Reactions going to completion ( ↓ )

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. the dynamic state in which rates of the forward and reverse reaction s are identical. aA + bB cC + dD. K>1  Forward reaction is favoured. Equilibrium constant a,b,c,d – stoichiometry coefficients

Chemical Equilibrium. Chapter 14.

Equilibrium. Reactions are reversible. A + B C + D ( forward) C + D A + B (reverse) Initially there is only A and B so only the forward reaction is possible As C and D build up, the reverse reaction speeds up while the forward reaction slows down. Eventually the rates are equal.

Drill:. List five factors & explain how each affect reaction rates. Drill: Solve Rate Law. A + B C + D fast 4 C + A 2G fast 2 K 4D + B fast G + K 2 Q + 2 W fast Q + W Prod. slow. Chemical Equilibria. Equilibrium.

Chapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium. The Concept of Equilibrium. The double arrow implies the process is dynamic. Consider Forward reaction: A  B Rate = k f [A] Reverse reaction: B  A Rate = k r [B] At equilibrium k f [A] = k r [B]. The Concept of Equilibrium.

Chapter 16 – Chemical Equilibria. Objectives: Determine equilibrium constant expressions. Know the factors which affect equilibrium. Calculate Q and K and predict effects on equilibrium. Perform equilibrium calculations. Recall the Le Chatelier’s principle and predict effects on equilibrium.

PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. The Reaction Quotient, Q Altering Equilibrium Conditions: Le Ch â telier’s Principle Equilibrium Calculations. PRESENTED BY: Sherrylin C. Ompoc. THE REACTION QUOTIENT,Q: PREDICTING THE DIRECTION OF A NET REACTION.

Investigating Chemical Reactions. N 2 O 4 (g) ⇄ 2 NO 2 (g) Colorless brown. Closed Container: Reversibility. Groups of Molecules. A state of Dynamic Equilibrium. Initial: all NO 2. Equilibrium Concentrations. 2 NO 2 N 2 O 4.

Chemical Equilibrium. Some more complicated applications. The ICE chart is a powerful tool for many different equilibrium problems. But you can’t always make a simplifying assumption, and that means that you may need to do a little algebra. A Quadratic Equation.