'Good leaving group' diaporamas de présentation

11. Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

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Chem 150 Unit 8 - Organic Molecules III Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketones

Chem 150 Unit 8 - Organic Molecules III Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketones.

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Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Redction

Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Redction. Introduction. Two broad classes of compounds contain the carbonyl group:. [1] Aldehydes and ketones. [2] Carboxylic acid derivatives. 20.1. Introduction. Carbonyl groups.

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AS Chemistry

AS Chemistry. Alcohols. Learning Objectives Candidates should be able to: recall the chemistry of alcohols, as exemplified by ethanol, including their oxidation to carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids. classify hydroxy compounds into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

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Reactions of Alcohols

Reactions of Alcohols. oxidation tosylation and reactions of tosylates substitutions to form alkyl halides dehydration to form alkenes and ethers pinacol rearrangement esterification cleavage of glycols ether synthesis. Classification of Reactions. Oxidations addition of O or O 2

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Alcohols & Thiols & Ethers

Sources Structure, Nomenclature, Properties Acidity and Basicity Rx with active metals Conversion to R-X, inorganic acid halides Rxs with HX S N 1/S N 2, sulfonates Dehydration of alcohols Oxidation of 1 o and 2 o alcohols Oxidation of glycols

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Michaelis-Menten Equation

Maud Menten. V max S. V o = . K m + S. Michaelis-Menten Equation. again, a rectangular hyperbola. rh. V max S. V o = . K m + S. Michaelis-Menten Equation. when there is no S, V 0 is also 0 . as S gets big, V 0 approaches V max. saturable. rh. fig 6-11.

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Lec 15: AMINO ACID CATABOLISM

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CHEM 425a/552 Natural Products D. Pavia

CHEM 425a/552 Natural Products D. Pavia. ANNOUNCEMENTS. - Buff Problem due today (F Oct 5). Quiz on Monday Oct 8 heterocyclic rings and alkaloid classification by rings. New assignment:. Olive Problem due Friday, Oct 12. b -PHENYLETHYLAMINES. PROTOALKALOIDS.

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Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols

Organic Chemistry , 6 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols. Types of Alcohol Reactions. Dehydration to alkene Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether =>.

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Reactions of Alcohols

Reactions of Alcohols. Formation of Tosylate Esters The carbinol carbon of an alcohol is electrophilic; however, the OH - ion is a poor leaving group The hydroxyl group can be converted to the tosylate ester, which acts as a very good leaving group. Reactions of Alcohols.

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Alcohols

Alcohols. Hydrogen Bonding. Three ethanol molecules. Hydrogen Bonding & boiling point. Increases boiling point, higher temperature needed to separate the molecules. Hexane 69 deg. 1-pentanol 138 1,4-butanediol 230 .

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Enzyme Catalysis

Bill Royer Office: LRB 921 Phone: x6-6912. Enzyme Catalysis.

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Nucleophilic reactions involving enolate anions (2)

Nucleophilic reactions involving enolate anions (2). Aldehydes, Ketons and other carbonyl compounds having H on ? -C -> in equilibrium (in solution) -> Keto-Enol tautomerization. Acylation of enolate anions -> Claisen reaction (condensation). Nucleophilic reactions involving enolate anions.

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CARBON CARBON EVERYWHERE!! Macromolecules

CARBON CARBON EVERYWHERE!! Macromolecules. Importance of carbon. Single Double bonds with Oxygen. Single Double bonds with Nitrogen. Single Double Triple bonds with Carbon. Importance of carbon. Importance of carbon. Importance of carbon Geometry.

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NEIGHBORING GROUP PARTICIPATION

NEIGHBORING GROUP PARTICIPATION. WHEN YOU NEIGHBOR HELPS OUT. a -Bromopropionate Ion. -. -. S N 2. -. neither S N 1 or S N 2. Two different results!. REACTION IN CONCENTRATED BASE. straightforward S N 2 displacement. S N 2 ( rate = k[RBr] [OH] ) is favored by high [OH].

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Hydrolysis of Nitriles

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Chapter 9 Alcohol Reactions

Chapter 9 Alcohol Reactions. Reactions of Alcohols with Acids and Bases Preparations of Alkoxides To deprotonate an alcohol, Base more basic than RO- Alkali Metal Reductions give Alkoxides 2 H 2 O + Na (Li, K, Cs) 2 Na + OH - + H 2 (Violent!)

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Carboxylic acid

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Leaving Groups

Leaving Groups. During S N 1, S N 2, E1, and E2 reactions, the leaving group begins to develop a negative charge as the transition state is reached.

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