'Logically equivalent' diaporamas de présentation

Conditionals and Arguments

Conditionals and Arguments. Concepts. Conditional Antecedent and Consequent Necessary and sufficient conditions: how to identify Biconditional Contrapositive Corresponding conditional Argument Premises and Conclusions: how to identify. Deductive and Inductive arguments: how they differ

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Logical Agents

Logical Agents. Chapter 7. Outline. Knowledge-based agents Wumpus world Logic in general - models and entailment Propositional (Boolean) logic Equivalence, validity, satisfiability Inference rules and theorem proving forward chaining backward chaining resolution . Knowledge bases.

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Introduction to Distributed Systems

Introduction to Distributed Systems. Chapter two Architectures . Introduction . Distributed systems are often complex pieces of software of which the components are by definition dispersed across multiple machines .

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Chapter 2: Basic Structures: Sets, Functions, Sequences and Sums

Chapter 2: Basic Structures: Sets, Functions, Sequences and Sums. Sets (Section 2.1) Set Operations (Section 2.2) Functions (Section 2.3) Sequences and Summations (Section 2.4). Sets (2.1). A set is a collection or group of objects or elements or members . (Cantor 1895)

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The Foundations: Logic and Proofs

The Foundations: Logic and Proofs. Chapter 1, Part II: Predicate Logic. With Question/Answer Animations. Summary. Predicate Logic (First-Order Logic (FOL), Predicate Calculus) The Language of Quantifiers Logical Equivalences Nested Quantifiers Translation from Predicate Logic to English

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Logic Proofs

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March 31, 2014

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PHIL 120: Third meeting

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Lecture 3: Logic (2)

Lecture 3: Logic (2). Propositional Equivalences Predicates and Quantifiers. 3.1. Propositional Equivalences. Categories of compound propositions: A tautology is a proposition which is always true . Classic Example: P ?? P A contradiction is a proposition which is always false .

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Computer Science 1A Introduction to Computer Science

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2.2 Conditional Statements

2.2 Conditional Statements. Goals. Identify statements which are conditional Identify the antecedent and consequent of a conditional statement Negate conditional statements Write the Inverse, converse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement

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Advanced Topics in FOL

Language, Proof and Logic. Advanced Topics in FOL. Chapter 18. 18.1. A first-order structure (sometimes called a model , or interpretation ) is a function M defined on the predicate and function symbols of the language, the names (constants),

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Chapter 1

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Indirect Argument: Contradiction and Contraposition

Indirect Argument: Contradiction and Contraposition. Lecture 17 Section 3.6 Mon, Feb 19, 2007. Form of Proof by Contraposition. Theorem: p ? q . This is logically equivalent to ? q ? ? p . Outline of the proof of the theorem: Assume ? q . Prove ? p . Conclude that p ? q .

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infintesimal confirmation

infintesimal confirmation. The Raven Paradox. A red herring confirms the hypothesis that all non-black things are non-ravens. The hypothesis that all non-black things are non-ravens is logically equivalent to the hypothesis that all ravens are black.

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The Logic of Boolean Connectives

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PROOF BY CONTRADICTION

PROOF BY CONTRADICTION. proof by contradiction. Let r be a proposition. A proof of r by contradiction consists of proving that not(r) implies a contradiction, thus concluding that not(r) is false, which implies that r is true. proof by contradiction. In particular if r is

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PHYS 241 Recitation

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Confirmation

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Section 3.3

Section 3.3 . Using Laws of Logic. Contrapositives. The negation of a hypothesis or of a conclusion is formed by denying the original hypothesis or conclusion .

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