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Quandle Cocycle Invariants for Knots, Knotted Surfaces and Knotted 3-Manifolds

Quandle Cocycle Invariants for Knots, Knotted Surfaces and Knotted 3-Manifolds. Witold Rosicki (Gda?sk). Definition A quandle is a set X with a binary operation (a,b) ?a ? b such that: 1) For any a ? X, a ? a=a. 2) For any a,b ? X, there is a unique c ? X such that c ? b=a.

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