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Chapter 7 Covalent Bonds and Molecular Architecture

Chapter 7 Covalent Bonds and Molecular Architecture. Octet rule: Main group elements tend to undergo reactions that leaves them with either 2 or 8 electrons in their outer or valence shell achieved by sharing electrons.

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Chapter 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals

Chapter 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals. Hybridization The mixing of atomic orbitals to form special orbitals for bonding. The atoms are responding as needed to give the minimum energy for the molecule. The Valence Orbitals on a Free Carbon Atom: 2s , 2p x , 2p y , and 2p z.

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2.5 Introduction to Alkanes: Methane, Ethane, and Propane

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Chapter 4 Alkynes

Chapter 4 Alkynes. 4.1 Nomenclature 4 .2 Structure of Alkynes 4.3 Reactions of alkynes 4.3.1 Acidity of Terminal Alkynes 4.3.2 Application of the Acidity of Terminal Alkynes in Organic Synthesis 4.3.3 Hydrogenation of Alkynes 1. Syn-addition of H 2 :

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Structure and hybridization

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