'Transcriptional control' diaporamas de présentation

Transcription in Prokaryotes

Transcription in Prokaryotes. Environmental change. DNA. RNA. Turn gene(s) on/off. protein. Proteins to deal with new environment. Transcriptional Control. Very important to: express genes when needed repress genes when not needed

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GENETICS

GENETICS. GENETICS. Cells divide and pass on instructions coded in DNA of chromosomes Each chromosome is a huge DNA molecule with coded information DNA replicates to pass on information DNA is transcribed to make proteins that run cell metabolism

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GENETICS

GENETICS. GENETICS. Cells divide and pass on instructions coded in DNA of chromosomes Each chromosome is a huge DNA molecule with coded information DNA replicates to pass on information DNA is transcribed to make proteins that run cell metabolism

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Prokaryotic Regulation:

Prokaryotic Regulation:. Bacteria do not need the same enzymes and other proteins all of the time. - They need only: 1. The enzymes required to break down the nutrients available to them or

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Prokaryotic Regulation:

Prokaryotic Regulation:. Bacteria do not need the same enzymes and other proteins all of the time. - They need only: 1. The enzymes required to break down the nutrients available to them or

492 views • 47 slides

Objectives

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation April 23, 2014 Richard D. Howells, PhD MSB E-643 howells@njms.rutgers.edu. Objectives. During this presentation you may Catch another 40 winks, or Understand key concepts regarding regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases. 3.

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Lecture 12 RNA polymerase as a molecular motor Transcriptional control

Lecture 12 RNA polymerase as a molecular motor Transcriptional control. RNA polymerase as a molecular motor. from Gelles 1998. From S. Block. Average step size = 3.7A, which corresponds to the base spacing in B-DNA. RNAP can back-step!. Transcriptional control (Chapter 7).

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Lecture 12 RNA polymerase as a molecular motor Transcriptional control

Lecture 12 RNA polymerase as a molecular motor Transcriptional control. RNA polymerase as a molecular motor. from Gelles 1998. From S. Block. Average step size = 3.7A, which corresponds to the base spacing in B-DNA. RNAP can back-step!. Transcriptional control (Chapter 7).

316 views • 31 slides

Outline

Outline. Prokaryotic Regulation trp Operon lac Operon Eukaryotic Regulation Transcriptional Control Posttranscriptional Control Translational Control Posttranslational Control Genetic Mutations Cancer. Prokaryotic Regulation: The Operon Model. Operon consist of three components

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BIO 105

BIO 105. Gene Expression. The Central Dogma. The Central Dogma. DNA ? RNA ? PROTEIN One gene makes one RNA that directs the synthesis of one protein. Human genome contains ~ 30,000 genes. Not all cells make all 30,000 proteins.

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Regulation of Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression. Regulatory factors. 1) Gene copy number 2) Transcriptional control 2-1) Promoters 2-2) Terminators, attenuators and anti-terminators 2-3) Induction and repression : regulatory protein 2-4) Attenuation: trp operon

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I. Overview of Eukaryotic gene regulation

I. Overview of Eukaryotic gene regulation. Mechanisms similar to those found in bacteria-most genes controlled at the transcriptional level Much more complex than prokaryotic chromatin TFs Enhancers Activators. A. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes.

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Control of Gene Expression

Control of Gene Expression. Chapter 25.4. Control of Gene Expression. Controlling gene expression is often accomplished by controlling transcription initiation. Regulatory proteins bind to DNA to either block or stimulate transcription, depending on how they interact with RNA polymerase.

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Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Eukaryotic Gene Expression. Why is gene regulation more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes? Eukaryotes have larger more complex genome Eukaryotic DNA must be more highly organized than prokaryotic DNA. Prokaryotic DNA circular smaller than eukaryotic DNA

520 views • 20 slides

E. coli happy Excess of amino acids

E. coli happy Excess of amino acids. E. coli moderately happy Interconversion of amino acids. Too much alanine. Strategy. glucose. Too little phenylalanine. E. coli moderately happy Interconversion of amino acids. Too much alanine. Transaminase. Oxaloacetic acid (OAA). Aspartate.

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Sigma factors in sporulation

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Promoter recognition by sigma factors

?. ?. ?. ?'. ?. Promoter recognition by sigma factors. Sigma factor. RNA polymerase core enzyme. Figure from Griffiths et al (1996) Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 6th ed., WH Freeman and Co. Promoter recognition by sigma factors.

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Regulation of Gene Activity and Gene Mutations

Regulation of Gene Activity and Gene Mutations. Mader - Chapter 15. Prokaryotic Regulation. The Operon Model Structural genes are controlled by upstream operator DNA than can bind a repressor molecule which prohibits RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter region of DNA.

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Events at initiation of transcription

Events at initiation of transcription. Let R = RNA polymerase, P = promoter (closed), and Po= promoter (open). ATP + UTP*. k f. K B. RP. RPo. R + P. k r. Abortive transcripts. ApUp*U. [ApUp*U]. lag. time. Abortive initiation assay. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. K B k f. K B k f. [R].

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Algorithms in Bioinformatics: A Practical Introduction

Algorithms in Bioinformatics: A Practical Introduction. Project: Motif finding using ChIP-seq peak data. Transcriptional Control (I). Transcriptional Control (II). TATAAT is the motif!. Motif model. TTGACA TCGACA TTGACA TTGAAA ATGACA TTGACA GTGACA TTGACT TTGACC TTGACA. Consensus

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