'Universal generalization' diaporamas de présentation

Section 1.5: Methods of Proof

Section 1.5: Methods of Proof.

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Philosophical Method

Philosophical Method. Logic: A Calculus For Good Reason Clarification, Not Obfuscation Distinctions and Disambiguation Examples and Counterexamples Revealing Our Deepest Convictions Testing Our Principles and Definitions. Logic: Primary Philosophical Tool.

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Rules of Inference

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Rules of Inference

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Inference Rules for Quantified Propositions

Inference Rules for Quantified Propositions. Universal Specification. If a statement of the form ? x , P( x ) is true, then P( c ) is true for arbitrary c in the universe of discourse. This can be written: ? x , P( x ) ________ ? P( c ) for all c.

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Methods of Proof for Quantifiers

Language, Proof and Logic. Methods of Proof for Quantifiers. Chapter 12. 12.1. Valid quantifier steps. Universal elimination ( instantiation ): From ? xP(x) infer P(c). where c is the name of some object of the domain of discourse. Existential introduction ( generalization ):

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