Biological Approach

1. Biological Approach

2. Human Behavior: • Take a blank piece of paper (front computer table) • Take a sheet protector (front computer table) • Put blank piece of paper in sheet protector • Take an expo marker (stool) • This is not an experiment

3. Think about this for a moment and write down (on your white board) all the words, stories, feelings, thoughts that come to mind (brainstorm!!) It can be ANY type of love – the love of a significant other, the love of a pet (cat), the love of ice cream, the love of your parents

4. Let’s look at a different perspective on love… • Read the article • Use your guided reading sheet to look for the following: • The chemicalsresponsible for “love” • The brain scans that can detect “love”- and how they work • The brain regions where love is experienced • The description of operational definitions and correlation

5. Reminders for Ms. Hart 2nd period needs to finish video 5th period needs basic assumptions Write down today’s Focus Question in your “Table of Contents” – the blue sheet from Fri. If you’d like another one, grab one from the stool

6. As the saying goes: Curiosity killed the cat… • But Information brought him back: • Why is there a Medical College named after Einstein if Einstein was a physicist? • Einstein sent a letter to the founder of the medical school remarking on what a wonderful institution it would soon be. Two years later, he agreed to put his name on the school

7. Basic Assumptions of the Biological Approach • Anything psychological is FIRST physiological • Love is a physiological process BEFORE we feel, think about it • Cognitions, emotions and behaviors are products of our anatomy and physiology of our nervous system • Everything has a cause • The purpose of psychology is to… • Investigate the brain, neurochemistry, genetics • Animals may be used to study human behavior

8. How do we study the brain?

9. Ways to Study the Brain:EEG, CAT scan, PET scan, MRI, fMRI Why are “brain scans” effective? Study living brains in action

10. EEG (Electroencephalogram) • Technology: Electrodes on the scalp • Process: measures electrical activity (zing zing zing of neurons) in the brain • Importance: diagnose irregular ACTIVITY disorders

11. CT Scan (Computer Tomography) (or CAT Scan) • Technology: X-Ray photographs • Process: detailed pictures of physical parts of the brain • Importance: images of STRUCTURES of the brain

13. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) • Technology: magnetic field and radio waves • Process: radio waves manipulate the magnetic parts of our brain and , using a magnet, sends images to a computer • Importance: 3-D images of STRUCTURES

14. PET (Positive Emission Tomography) • Technology: radioactive tracer injection attaches to naturally occurring chemicals in the body • Process: machine detects the energy given off by the tracer • Importance: 3-D images of the ACTIVITY in the brain

15. fMRI (functional MRI) • Technology: magnetic field and radio waves • Process: machine detects the blood flow and oxygen levels • Importance: ACTIVITY of the brain…as it’s happening

16. Using your whiteboard… • Which scan uses a radioactive tracer in the brain? • Which three scans look for ACTIVITY? • Which two scans look at STRUCTURES? • Which scan can help diagnose disorders?

17. Download tonight… • 3D Brain App by Dolan DNA learning center

18. 1. Write down today’s FQ (Focus Question2. THEN Make an educated guess (non-whiteboard) • Humans use ______ percent of their brain. • Of the brain structures psychologists can identify, ______ percent have a known function

19. A few things to add on scans • CAT scans can be 3D! • MRIs are good if you want to look at soft tissue (CAT scans only look at hard structures) • http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/mri/game/index.html

20. More on scans! MRI

22. Hind Brain/Brain Stem • Functions for Survival • Damage to this area can be fatal • Vital role in consciousness, alertness, and attention • Medulla – controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration • Cerebellum - controls balance, movement, muscle memory (golf swing)

23. Corpus Callosum • Large bundle of fibers connecting the right and left hemispheres of the brain like a bridge – • allows information to move between the two hemispheres

24. Forebrain • The largest part of the brain

25. Forebrain: Cerebrum • extensive, wrinkled outer layer of the brain; governs higher brain functions such as thinking, learning and consciousness • Perceptions of the world

26. Forebrain: Cerebrum (More on these tomorrow) • Frontal Lobe – higher executive thoughts (decision making, problem-solving, planning) • Parietal Lobe – bodily sensation • Occipital Lobe - vision • Temporal Lobe - hearing

27. Forebrain: Limbic System • Emotion and memories

28. Forebrain: Limbic System • Amygdala – processes emotions and fear-learning • Hippocampus – formation of memories • Hypothalamus – regulates motivations (hunger, thirst, sex drive) • Thalamus – the switchboard of the brain, receives all sensory messages and directs them appropriately

29. DO NOW: Write this on a piece of paper • Write a story of what your brain did today (or yesterday if that’s easier) • Use 5 brain structures • See the right column for my example  This morning, my hypothalamus was going crazy. I could not stop thinking about food. After breakfast, it seemed to calm down a bit. When I walked outside, my occipital lobe couldn’t help but notice that it was dark out. My limbic system regulated the sadness that I was feeling that winter is just around the corner. Then, my hippocampus conjured up a memory of that one time I drove to school and my car slid on black ice. As I thought of that memory, my amygdala controlled the fear I have about slipping on black ice again

30. In Depth on the Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex and the Four Lobes Helpful hint: cortex means “bark” (like tree bark) in Latin

31. Occipital Lobe

32. Occipital Lobe • interprets visual stimuli (vision) • Located in the back of the brain, it is relatively protected from damage • Your eyes are only as good as your occipital lobe – damage to the lobe can cause blindness, etc. OccipitalLobe

33. “Seeing Stars” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FLu4rDEglg • Why does Lizzie see stars when she hits the front of her head with her locker? • Concussions? • Why would alcohol (a brain depressant) be harmful to the occipital lobe?

34. Temporal Lobe

35. Temporal Lobe • The Brain’s Earmuffs • And like earmuffs, the temporal lobe is misunderstood • Hearing • Other: Perception, face and object recognition, language processing, (and some memory and emotional function) • Why would a depressant be harmful to the temporal lobe? • Temporal Lobe

36. Parietal Lobe

37. Parietal Lobe • Parietal Lobe • Interprets and integrates sensation • spatial reasoning • Two sub-divisions • Somatasensory cortex (touch), motor cortex (voluntary movement) • Why would a depressant be harmful to the parietal lobe?

38. Frontal Lobe • Prefrontal Cortex

39. Frontal Lobe/Prefrontal Cortex • Frontal Lobe • Frontal Lobe • Intelligence, Conscious thought, Higher Order Thinking • Personality (Phineas Gage) • Prefrontal Cortex • Higher Executive functions (decision making, reasoning, self-control, problem-solving, planning) • Why would a depressant be harmful to the frontal lobe? • Prefrontal Cortex

40. Phineas Gage

41. Lobotomies • What was it? • A surgical treatment for the seriously mentally ill • Severing of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain • What was the intent? • Stabilize emotions without sacrificing intelligence, etc. • From the 1940s-1970s • 40,000 Americans • What was the result? • 1/3 improved, 1/3 stayed the same, 1/3 deteriorated

42. Whiteboard activity: Take 1 minute to rank your lobes if you could only keep one which would it be? If you had to get rid of one which would it be?