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The “Scramble for Africa”

The “Scramble for Africa”. Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I. The Scramble for Africa. In 1870, Europeans still controlled very little territory in Africa. European activity was mainly limited to coastal trading ports.

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The “Scramble for Africa”

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  1. The “Scramble for Africa” Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I

  2. The Scramble for Africa • In 1870, Europeans still controlled very little territory in Africa. • European activity was mainly limited to coastal trading ports. • During the Scramble for Africa (1870-1890) most of Africa came under the control of European powers. • In the 1850s and 1860s, European explorers mapped out the interior of Africa for the first time.

  3. The Scramble for Africa • In the early 1880s, a local revolt threatened European use of the Suez Canal. • The Canal provided the shortest route from Europe to East Africa, India and East Asia. • It became the lifeline between Britain and its colony India. • The British moved quickly to take down the revolt and take over Egypt. • Next, British troops took over the Sudan.

  4. The Scramble for Africa • France, Italy, Germany, and Belgium wanted parts of Africa for themselves. • Diamonds, gold and other valuable resources were also discovered in Africa in the late 19th century. • In 1884, at the Berlin Conference, Bismarck and other European leaders divided up the remaining parts of Africa. • By 1890, only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia remained independent. (Morocco was under French influence.)

  5. Major Imperial Powers • The major European powers with colonies in Africa were Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, and Italy. • The French acquired much of Central Africa and Northwest Africa above the Sahara. • King Leopold II of Belgium ruled the Congo in the center of Africa as his private estate. • The British established colonies in West Africa and along almost the whole length of East Africa from Egypt to South Africa. • Cecil Rhodes, a leading British imperialist, planned to build a railway down the eastern side of Africa from Cairo to Capetown. • Germany took Tanganyika, Cameroon, Togo, and Southwest Africa.

  6. The Legacy of Imperialism in Africa • European powers paid no attention at all to existing tribal boundaries. • Wherever possible, they established mining operations or cultivated cash crops to be sold to Europe. • Native Africans were used as a cheap workforce. • Europeans also introduced Western technology and ideas.

  7. Notebook Assignment—Choose 1 • Look up one modern country in Africa today. Prepare a brief report (at least 10 sentences) describing the impact of imperialism on that country. • Prepare a short biography (at least 10 sentences) on a prominent explorer (Richard Burton, Isabella Eberhardt, Mary Kingsley, Samuel Baker), imperialist (David Livingston, King Leopold II, Cecil Rhodes), or resistance-fighter against imperialism (John Chilembwe, MessaliHadj, Henri Barbusse)

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