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Evolutionary Psychology

This article explores the dynamics of asymmetrical pressure in dating scenarios, highlighting differences in sexual signaling between men and women. Drawing on Clarke & Hatfield's 1989 study, we examine how attraction varies based on romantic propositions, and how cultural and evolutionary factors influence perceptions of attractiveness. We also discuss concepts such as paternal uncertainty, genetic resemblance, and the implications of concealed ovulation and sexual signaling on mate selection. By understanding these phenomena through the lens of evolutionary psychology, we gain insight into human mating behaviors.

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Evolutionary Psychology

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  1. Evolutionary Psychology

  2. Asymmetrical Pressure “I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive. Would you go out with me tonight?” • Women: 50% • Men: 50%

  3. Asymmetrical Pressure “I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive. Would you come to my apartment tonight?” • Women: 6% • Men: 69%

  4. Asymmetrical Pressure “I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive. Would you go to bed with me tonight?” • Women: 0% • Men: 75%

  5. Asymmetrical Pressure MenWomen Date 50% 50% Apartment 69% 6% Bed 75% 0% (Clarke & Hatfield, 1989)

  6. Sexual Signaling • Costly - require good health • Honest - reflect good health

  7. Sexual Signaling

  8. Sexual Signaling • Concealed ovulation: • competing pressures • signaling fertility • hiding lack of fertility

  9. Attractiveness

  10. Attractiveness

  11. Attractiveness

  12. Attractiveness

  13. Attractiveness

  14. Attractiveness

  15. Attractiveness

  16. Attractiveness • Indicators of health/fertility: • HWR • symmetry & averageness of features • both adults and infants demonstrate this preference • Chinese and Japanese showed same preference • (women show a preference for odor of symmetrical bodies only when they are ovulating) • youthful - baby face • fluctuating asymmetry (2D:4D) • cultural differences

  17. Paternal Uncertainty • Gene shopping • Resemblance - does the baby resemble the mother or the father? • mothers • rate infant as resembling the father • mothers, if father present • rate infant as resembling the father • mothers family • rate infant as resembling the father • fathers • equally likely to rate infant as resembling father or mother (McLain et al., 2000; Knieps, 1997)

  18. Paternal Uncertainty • Response bias or greater paternal resemblance?

  19. Paternal Uncertainty • Response bias or greater paternal resemblance? • impartial judges • varies by study: • rate infant as resembling the mother • equally likely to rate infant as resembling father or mother (McLain et al., 2000; Knieps, 1997) • “It’s a wise man who knows his own son.”

  20. Paternal Uncertainty • How common is gene shopping? • Paternal testing laboratories • ranging from 1 in 7 to 1 in 10 children not sired by person identified as father • Accurate?

  21. Female Orgasm • Sexual pleasure • Domestic bliss • Male ego • Paternal confidence

  22. A few Comments onEvolutionary Theory • Adaptation vs. random genetic drift • Punctuated equilibria vs. gradual evolution/adaptation • species do not evolve slowly • fossil record - leaps, not gradual change • fossil record - gradual changes suggests random genetic drift • Evolution of new species vs... adaptation within species

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