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It all starts with Washington

It all starts with Washington. 1789. GW President John Adams VP Cabinet Hamilton: Treasury Jefferson: State. Congress takes action…. Set up Judicial System Supreme Circuit District Madison’s promise… Amending the Constitution 2/3 both houses 2/3 state conventions

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It all starts with Washington

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  1. It all starts with Washington

  2. 1789 • GW President • John Adams VP • Cabinet Hamilton: Treasury Jefferson: State

  3. Congress takes action… • Set up Judicial System • Supreme • Circuit • District • Madison’s promise… • Amending the Constitution • 2/3 both houses • 2/3 state conventions • ¾ of states must say yes

  4. The Bill of Rights • I basic freedoms • II-IV related to struggle w/GB • V-VIII protection of the accused • IX-X limit govt’s power • 1791 ratified

  5. Washington’s Presidency • Few guidelines • Precedent setting • Respect for office • Stay out of day-day political battles • 2 terms…gives up power again

  6. Hamilton vs. Jefferson

  7. Political Parties

  8. The Economy • Debt National govt. assumption Bonds • Bank • Purpose… • Constitutionality fight • Loose vs. strict interpretation • Necessary and proper

  9. The Compromise…

  10. Tariffs and Taxes • Revenue • North vs. South • Protection of business • Whiskey Rebellion

  11. Foreign Policy • 1789 Revolution • Jefferson pro-Fr. • Brothers in revolution • Hamilton pro-GB • #1 trading partner • War …Neutrality Proclamation 1793 … sets precedent…

  12. Issue splits Hamilton and Jefferson to a point of total separation. Jefferson will soon resign from the Sec of State position • GB declares it will seize our ships heading to France • Jay’s Treaty GB getsUS gets US neutrality Brit troops leave Most favored trade reparations Fr cannot use US ports trade w/Brit W. Indies US pay off old debts

  13. Pinchney’s Treaty • Spain forced to act due to Jay’s Treaty • 31st parallel = boundary in south • Free navigation of Mississippi River • Right of deposit of goods in New Orleans • Promise to stop agitating Native Americans

  14. His Farewell • Keep out of European affairs • No entangling alliances • Concentrate on the homefront • Trade with the world • Do not encourage political parties • Too late, 1796 election saw Federalist John Adams take on Dem-Republican Thomas Jefferson…

  15. Foreign Policy post-GW • Federalist but… • Neutral like GW • Problems with France • X,Y,Z Affair • Quasi war • Gets to build navy • Centralizing power

  16. Alien and Sedition Acts • Alien … limited libety of aliens • Naturalization Act…5-14 years to become a citizen • Alien Act…expelled or imprisoned at will • Sedition…attack on newspapers, speech • Cannot talk against officials in power • Response: KY/VA Resolutions… compact theory… nullification

  17. Jefferson’s next… • Revolution of 1800 • Marbury v Madison • Partisan issues • Neutrality continues • Barbary Pirates and trade • Centralizing power • Atlantic Ocean the problem so…

  18. The Purchase • Toussaint L”Overture • 1803 Louisianna • LewisandClark • US v Burr • War in Europe • Embargo • Non-intercourse Act • Macon #2

  19. Neutrality Fails Finally… • British in NW forts • Tecumseh and Red Stick Confederation • Tippecanoe • Nationalism and land grab schemes • War Hawks: Clay, Calhoun, and Webster

  20. Madison’s Turn … War • Macon’s Bill #2 offered a trade “bribe” to G.B. or Fr. • War Hawks… • Henry Clay of Tenn = the growing western nationalism, survivors, Indian fighters • John C. Calhoun of S.C. • Dan Webster of New Engl. • War Fever…. • “Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights!” • Could have said …Free land the Indians’ or Canadians’ • June 18, 1812 WAR

  21. War of 1812 • 2nd War of Independence • Mr. Madison’s War • Federalists’ traitorous actions • Hartford Convention • Great Lakes • Washington, DC • Baltimore • Ft. McHenry • New Orleans and Jackson • Treaty of Ghent

  22. Treaty of Ghent • Signed Dec.24th • Sec. Of State John Quincy Adams • Nothing was adjusted, nothing settled. Return to prewar situation • Rush-Bagot 1817 • No warships on Great Lakes • 1818 US/Canada border at 49° lat.

  23. Monroe and JQ Adams • Set borders • Canada • Convention of 1818 • 49th Parallel • 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain • 1819 Florida Ceded by Spain • Monroe Doctrine

  24. Monroe Years • “last of the Founding Fathers” • 1816 election sees the last Federalist candidate • 1820 only Monroe • Era of Good Feelings … • But …

  25. Era of Inflamed Feelings • 1819 Panic • Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment • Land over speculation • Bank gets much of the blame • McCulloch v Maryland • Out West more dependent on Nat. govt so more nationalistic • Population growing…and young • 1819 24 states

  26. Missouri • Tallmadge Amendment • Prohibited the further introduction of slavery into … • When 25 years old you’re free • Senate veto • Need a compromise for political reasons not moral.

  27. Missouri Compromise • 1820 • Missouri = slave state • Maine = free state • Louisiana Purchase land above the 36°30‘ line is free soil below slave. • “We have the wolf by the ears and we can neither safely hold him, nor safely let him go.” Jefferson

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