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Battery Energy Storage System & Community Energy Systems

Battery Energy Storage System & Community Energy Systems. Confidential. Battery Pack Specification. Nano Battery Storage Advancement. Model: SLPB 100255255HR2 [55Ah]. Nano Battery Storage Advancement. Cycle Life @DOD80%. Nano Structure patented formulation

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Battery Energy Storage System & Community Energy Systems

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  1. Battery Energy Storage System & Community Energy Systems Confidential

  2. Battery Pack Specification

  3. Nano Battery Storage Advancement Model: SLPB 100255255HR2 [55Ah]

  4. Nano Battery Storage Advancement Cycle Life @DOD80% • Nano Structure patented formulation • Supported by folder to folder cell design • Standard cells design with new material • Have been tested with smaller capacity cells for 2 years • Manufacturing systems in place • Mass producible Coated Nano Material Coated Nano Material Cathode LiCNMO Anode Graphite Li + 3.7V Do1 ▶1cycle [DOD 100%] Cha : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.2V, 1/20C cut off Disch : CC, 1.0C, 3.0V cut off ▶ 49cycles [DOD 80%] Cha : CC-CV, 1.0C, 4.14V, 1/20C cut off Disch : CC, 1.0C, 3.35V cut off Loop1 >5,000 cycles

  5. Battery Pack [Example – 14S] 1-Cell 3.7 V Communication Port 14S-Module 51.8 V +@ System BMS Battery pack example (14S)

  6. Multi-connection Battery Pack 8 S-Module 12 S-Module 24 S-Module (-) (+)

  7. Community Energy Storage(CES) Specification

  8. CES 25kWh System • [Inside of 25 kWh System] • Battery module • BMS • Fuse and Contactors • SMPS • Auxiliary power supply • [Enclosure] • Watertight, Sleet Resistant Prolonged Submersion - Indoor • & Outdoor. • Providing a degree of protection to • personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment. • Fabricated from HDPE or one of the waterproof polymer concrete materials.

  9. 25kW CES Application Total : 152 cells Module:12 units CES: 1 units

  10. 25kWh CES Development [14S x 1P module] [25kWh System] [Electrical Diagram ]

  11. Modularity Scalability • The ability to scale up or down depending on the demand for energy storage gives superior flexibility • Exergonix can manufacture 5kWh to 75 kWh system. 5 kWh 10 kWh • 28 cells • 28S1P • Voltage Range= 103.6~ 117.6 • 56 cells • 56S1P • Voltage = 168~235.2

  12. Enclosure

  13. Rack Type • [Stack Module] • 196 cells • 14 modules • 1 Master BMS • 14 Slave BMS • 40kWh per stack module • [Module] • 55Ah Nano KN10 • 14 celles • 1 Slave BMS • 2.8kWh per module • [250kWh, 1MW System] • 1,372 cells • 14 modules • 1 Master BMS • 14 Slave BMS • 4 250kW converter

  14. Test Plan BMS Full Pack • SoC • AH to load • AH to bank • Individual cell balance conditions • Overtemps • Master/ Slave unit tests • Charge testing: power supply to deliver the voltage and current • Discharge testing: custom array of heaters that are wired together through solid state relays • Room Temperature capacity test • Charging test • Efficiency calculation • Monitor temp conditions • Cell balance during charge/ discharge • Excessive load test • Sleep current modes of BMS • Charging performance with AC ripple Single Pack • Using 2 programmable DC loads • Room Temperature capacity test • Charging test • Efficiency calculation • Cell balance during charge/ discharge • Excessive load test • Sleep current modes of BMS • Charging performance with AC ripple

  15. BESS Specification

  16. System Functionality Grid AC AC DC DC Charge: Discharge:

  17. 1MWh, 4 x 250 DC/DC Chopper

  18. Battery and System specification

  19. 1MW/ 250kWh Frequency Regulation Application Total : 1,372 cells Module:98 units Stack Module: 7 units

  20. 1~4 MW / 1MWh Application Total : 5,488 cells Module:392 units Stack Module: 28 units

  21. Rack View

  22. Rack View Battery Area (14 Cells x 14 Module) * 28 Stacks = 5,488 cells BMS Master= 28 Slave BMS= 392

  23. 1MWh Container Configuration 45ft container Dimension: 13m x 2.4m x 2.8m Battery Area Periphery Area Bidirectional Converter, Transformer Fire Management System Air Conditioning and Heating System

  24. 1MWh BESS Design 500 kWh battery Converter system Main control system 500 kWh battery Converter system Front View Side View

  25. System Layout PCS Battery Storage VCB Transformer Converter Fire Suppression

  26. Power Management System PMS

  27. Total Weight Approximately 40 tons

  28. System Mobility Convenient land and sea transportation

  29. Battery System Configuration PCS Battery Management System Power Control System

  30. Life Cycle Battery Voltage Power 1.11MWh 4.1V 1 MWh 725.2 V x 1540 Ah = 1.11 MWh 3.4V SOC=80[%] 5000Cycle Time Ah After 10 years later, BESS still have 1 MWh performance

  31. System Efficiency Grid Transformer Transformer AC DC DC AC η=96.5[%] η=96.5[%] P=1.04MW P=0.97MW BATTERY STORAGE η=97[%] High Efficiency P=1MW Battery Storage: Battery efficiency ( 98% ) x cable connection efficiency ( 99% ) = 97% Total roundtrip efficiency including transformer : 96.5% x 97% x 96.5% = 90.3%

  32. Converter – Parker & ABB

  33. Converter - Kaco

  34. Converter – S&C

  35. Organizational Structure BESS SMSB • Battery Energy Storage System • 10kW-1MW • Small to Medium Scale Battery

  36. SMSB Product and Services • Firmware • Embedded Operating Systems • Control systems • Device drivers • Systems Integration • Prototyping • Noise and heat • Regulatory approvals • Aerospace and Defense product approvals • Electronics • Digital: uC, FPGA, • Analog: high and low power, sensors • Fabrication: PCB • Mechanical • Enclosures and packaging • Electromechanical • Advanced Batteries • High Power Systems • Mobile Devices • Low Power Systems

  37. SMSB Case: Aerospace/ Defense Technology • Technologies were developed specifically to meet aerospace and defense requirements for a high performance light weight power system: • Products include emergency batteries, power conversion systems, safety circuitry, redundancy and reliability controls • The system is maintenance free • The core technology is common to all battery platforms on aircraft • State of the art, novel diagnostic system that is non-existent today • IP protected - used in commercial and military aviation • Weight and size of battery is 50% of traditional batteries on aircraft • Parallel charging allows each cell to be individually charged • Guaranteed balance of cells during changing • Improves battery life, run-time, and safety • Consolidates cells and electronics into one box

  38. Market Segmentation Targeting

  39. Application .1 Frequency Regulation

  40. Typical “Regulation” Profile ISO Goal • Load = Power Generated • Power < Load • - Frequency drops under 60 Hz • Power > Load • -Frequency rises over 60 Hz Short term variation • ~ 1% of daily load • Managed via regulation • Fluctuation is net zero • Today’s value to ISO > $ 50/MW-hr

  41. Frequency Regulation Adjusting minute-to minute frequency fluctuations Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide, 29p. Sandia Report, 2/2010 The benefit of frequency regulation Correct for the unintended fluctuations Comply with the NERC’s Control Performance Standards 1 and 2 Recovery from disturbances measured by compliance with NERC’s disturbance Control Standard NERC • Stands for North American Electric Reliability Council • Reliability criteria set by NERC • Synchronized to grid frequency and respond in less than 10 min

  42. Traditional Frequency Regulation [Traditional generator] [Load] Frequency Regulation Grid Issues • Rapid changes consume more fuel • Require more maintenance • Produces higher emission Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide, 30p, E2. Sandia Report, 2/2010 Market Analysis of Emerging Electric Energy Storage System, 30p,70p. DOE/NETL, 7/2008 xvi • A coal fired power plant poorly following an AGC regulation command signal

  43. Fast Regulation: Speed Matters [Applying BESS] Grid Discharge Frequency Regulation Charge Benefits • More effective than some ramp limited technologies. • Designed only for providing frequency regulation • High efficiency • Retrieve opportunity cost • Fast response time, few Seconds (Full output Full input) • BESS provides near-instantaneous response Energy Storage accurately following an AGC regulation command signal

  44. Operation Flow Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide, 29p. Sandia Report, 2/2010 [1 MW Storage] Discharge Momentary shortfall 1MW up Momentary excess Charge 1MW down Compatibility • Frequency regulation cannot be used simultaneously for another applications (24 hrs operation) • However, at any given time, it could be also used for • Electric energy time shift • Electric supply capacity • Electric supply reserve capacity • T&D upgrade deferral

  45. Ancillary Service Prices [CA’s avg hourly ancillary service prices] [Average ancillary service prices per MWh from several markets] *CA purchase up and down regulation separately. The total price is showing above. Revenue Potential Replacement reserve < Supplemental reserve < Spinning reserve < Frequency Regulation

  46. Application .2 Renewable Energy Integration

  47. Integration with Wind Generator Frequency regulation basic and trends Brendan J.Kirby OAK ridge national laboratory Integration of renewable resources CAISO Nov 2007 Demand rising • Wind penetration creates need for greater regulation capacity and faster regulation ramping capability • Additional regulation requirements with 20% renewable ( about 10% wind penetration)

  48. Wind Power Limitation Surplus Shortage [Monthly average wind speed and power generation] Short Fluctuation Longer Variation • Short power fluctuations resulting from gusty winds • Longer term variations resulting from diurnal wind speed variations and shifting weather patterns

  49. Renewable Energy Smooth BESS for wind energy integration • BESS enable smoothing for wind power system, so that can ease wind integration issues and add value to wind energy • Responding with milliseconds to rapid shifts in renewable generation or frequency fluctuations • Fast storage solutions release or absorb power from the grid providing on-demand power and energy management

  50. Tehachapi Wind Energy storage Southern California and A123 • Deploy and evaluate an 8MW/ 32MWh utility-scale lithium ion battery system and evaluate its ability to improve grid performance and aid in the integration of wind generation into the electric grid. The project will also evaluate a wider range of applications for lithium-ion batteries that may spur broader demand for the technology, bringing production to a scale that will make this form of large energy storage more affordable Tehachapi • Second largest wind park in the world with ~5000 turbines • 600MW of installed wind energy, with potential for thousands or more

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