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Forklift Safety

Forklift Safety . Anna Fretheim ENV H 462, Winter 2012 . Presentation overview . Forklift Safety Statistics Forklift Definition and Types How Forklifts Work Forklift Safety Regulations (WAC) . Forklift safety matters . Forklifts are widely used

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Forklift Safety

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  1. Forklift Safety Anna Fretheim ENV H 462, Winter 2012

  2. Presentation overview • Forklift Safety Statistics • Forklift Definition and Types • How Forklifts Work • Forklift Safety Regulations (WAC)

  3. Forklift safety matters • Forklifts are widely used • Every year in U.S.: 35,000 serious injuries, 62,000 non-serious injuries, 85 fatalities • OSHA estimate: 11% of all forklifts are involved in accidents every year • 90% of forklifts will be involved in some type of accident during their career

  4. Forklift safety matters 2007-2009 5 most common citations by L & I safety inspectors involving forklifts: Lack of training No seatbelt or not using seatbelt No inspection of the forklift for defects Modification of forklift without manufacturer’s approval No nameplate or unreadable nameplate

  5. What is a forklift?

  6. What is a forklift? • Forklifts fall under the definition of Powered Industrial Trucks (PITs) • PIT: Mobile, power-driven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier material • Powered industrial trucks include: • Platform lift trucks • Motorized hand trucks

  7. What isn’t a pit? Farm Vehicles Earth Moving Vehicles

  8. Types of forklifts • Diesel powered • Electrically powered • Gasoline powered • Liquid Petroleum powered • (most common)

  9. Types of forklifts • Can have additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems • Prevent emission of hazardous sparks • Limit surface temperatures • Allow them to be used in hazardous conditions (i.e. flammable dusts/vapors) • Consider location’s hazard level to decide which to use

  10. How do forklifts work? • Forks in front of trucks lift loads • Triangle of stability • Formed by front wheels and rear axel • As long as the center of gravity remains within the stability triangle, the truck will not tip over

  11. How do forklifts work? • Balances its load with counterweight • Front wheels act as fulcrum • When forklift lifts load, center of gravity shifts forward and moves upward • If it shifts outside of the triangle, the forklift will fall

  12. Forklift safety Codes: WAC 296-863

  13. What can make a forklift dangerous? • Steers from the rear, making it swing wide • Carries heavy loads • Can have reduced visibility • Masts and loads • Can have a high center of gravity (turning • over) • Very heavy • Complicated controls

  14. 863-200: Design, construction, and equipment

  15. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 863-200: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT • If you own a forklift, it must meet ANSI design and construction requirements • If you want to modify the forklift, get written approval from manufacturer • Forklift must be labeled clearly to indicate type, weight, load capacity, modifications, and if it’s approved for hazardous conditions

  16. OVERHEAD GUARD 863-200: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT • Must have overhead guards • It isn’t intended to withstand the impact of the forklift’s maximum capacity load though

  17. 863-300: inspection, repair, maintenance and servicing

  18. Safe working condition 863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING • Must be kept in safe working condition • Do not use forklifts with following conditions • Leak in fuel system • Exhaust system emitting sparks/flames • Abnormally hot part • Keep them • Clean • Free of excess lint, oil, and grease

  19. Daily inspections 863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING • Inspect the forklift daily or after each shift if used continuously • Fluid levels • Defects • Tire pressure & quality • Forks condition • Nameplates in place and legible • Safety devices working properly • Report and correct any deficiencies noticed • Repairs must be made by authorized persons

  20. Fueling 863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING • Turn off engine • Avoid spilling fuel • No open flames!

  21. Battery charging 863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING • Specific areas for battery charging installations (NO SMOKING) • There must be facilities for : • Water for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte from area and from eyes (eyewash) • Fire protection • Adequate ventilation (for hydrogen gas) • Dangers: burns from battery acid, fire from hydrogen gas • If handling battery acid, wear PPE

  22. 863-400: Operations

  23. 18+ TO OPERATE

  24. Safe driving 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Use seatbelts • Never let people pass under raised forks • No unauthorized persons can ride • No stunt driving or horseplay • Don’t drive the truck up to anyone in • front of a fixed object! • Make sure there’s enough room to operate forklift

  25. Safe driving 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Obey all traffic regulations • Keep a distance of 3 truck lengths from truck ahead • Keep a safe distance from the edge of ramps, platforms, and docks • Drive slowly on wet floors • Slow turning speed • Watch for pedestrians!

  26. Handle loads safely 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Make sure loads are within rated capacity • Put forks under load as far as possible • Tilt forks forwards to pick up or put down load • When carrying load, tilt forks backwards • If the load obstructs your view, travel backwards and with a spotter

  27. Handle loads safely 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Do not travel with a raised load

  28. Slopes 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • When on a slope (>10%), the load always faces upwards (so you drive backwards going down) • If no load, forks face downwards

  29. Unattended 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Unattended = 25 or more feet away (or when not in view) • Unattended trucks: • Fork lowered • Controls neutralized • Power off • Brakes set

  30. Elevators 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • If using an elevator: • Approach it slowly • Enter it squarely • Turn off power • Neutralize controls • Set the brakes

  31. Dockboards 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Do not overload them (check their capacity) • Secure them first • Drive over them very slowly http://medlinramps.com/equipment-products/dockboards/

  32. Loading truck trailers and railroad cars 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Make sure flooring can handle load, check for weaknesses • Set breaks, use wheel stops • Use horn or warning lights when entering or exiting OSHA

  33. Carbon monoxide 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Propane, gasoline, and diesel powered forklifts produce carbon monoxide • Without enough fresh air ventilation, CO poisoning can occur • Vey common • Severe nausea, headache • If forklifts are used indoors, they must be tested for CO emission periodically and get tune-ups

  34. Tipping 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • How can a forklift tip over? • Load’s too heavy • Driving too fast around a corner • Driving off edge of platform/ramp • Driving indoor forklift outdoors • Driving on an incline

  35. What to do if forklift tips 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • If forklift tips over • Keep arms and legs inside • Hold on to steering wheel • Lean away from direction of fall • Don’t jump!

  36. Lifting people 863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS • Lifting people • Only lift workers if you have the proper installations to do so • Must have guardrails & toeboards • Do not move with workers on platform

  37. OR PAY THE CONSEQUENCES Remember: be safe

  38. Thank you! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SScjyNBZ8vw

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