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Commodity Resins

Commodity Resins. MFG 355. Polyethylene (PE). Mer unit Polymer chain. Guilio Natta. Karl Ziegler. Polyethylene. LDPE High Pressure/High Temperature processing High “H” activation—branching HDPE Ziegler-Natta catalyst Little branching Highly crystalline LLDPE

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Commodity Resins

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  1. Commodity Resins MFG 355

  2. Polyethylene (PE) • Mer unit • Polymer chain

  3. Guilio Natta Karl Ziegler Polyethylene • LDPE • High Pressure/High Temperature processing • High “H” activation—branching • HDPE • Ziegler-Natta catalyst • Little branching • Highly crystalline • LLDPE • “Copolymer”—side chains prevent crystalization • Improve toughness, strength, ESCR • Crosslinked PE

  4. Forms of PE

  5. High Pressure Process (LDPE) Pressures around 350 MPa Temp. 300סC Long construction lead time Mammoth space requirements Huge capital outlay High energy demands Limited to low density polyethylene Costly and complex maintenance Production rates vary with PE grade Meets environmental requirements with difficulty Rapidly inflating operating costs Limited catalyst system choice Catalyst removal required Acceptable resin properties Low Pressure Process (LLDPE) Pressures around 3 MPa Temp. 100סC Reduced const. lead time by 8-12 months Occupies 1/10 the space Capital outlay reduced by 50% Reduced energy demands by 75% Produces both HDPE and LLDPE Easy to Maintain Same production rate for all resin grades Environmental pollution minimal Operating costs reduced Catalyst removal not needed Superior resin properties Polyethylene processes

  6. Polyethylene Copolymer • Types of Copolymers • Random • Regular • Segment • Graft

  7. Polyethylene Copolymers • EVA • Glue, soft • EAA—Ionic bonds • Ionomer (Surlyn) • EPM (EPBM with butadiene) • Rubbery

  8. Polypropylene (PP) • Mer unit • Polymer chain

  9. Polypropylene • Analogy • I need 6 volunteers to come up front

  10. Polypropylene • Atactic: no order • Syndiotactic: alternate • Isotactic: means “samehand”, stereoisomorphism, always on the same side (crystalline)

  11. Polypropylene • Ziglar-Natta catalyst • Isotactic

  12. Polypropylene • Properties • Stiff • Environmental Stress Crack Resistance • UV sensitive • Higher Tg than PE • Resistance to mechanical stress cracking • Carpets • Living hinges

  13. Polypropylene

  14. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) • Mer unit • Polymer chain

  15. PVC • Rigid • Amorphous • Heat Sensitive • Solvent Sensitive • Welding • Glueing

  16. PVC • Plasticized PVC • Solvent effects • Processed w/o heat

  17. PVC • Properties • UV sensitive • Non-flammable (except plasticized) • Self extinguishing

  18. Polystyrene (PS) • Mer unit • Polymer chain

  19. Properties • Brittle and Hard • Not good for extrusion • Fair scratch resistance

  20. Properties • Modified for toughness • Compare to Buna –S (GR-S)

  21. Properties • Clear but yellows

  22. PS • Crystal • Amorphous • Clear • Brittle • UV sensitive • Flammable

  23. PS • Foam • expanded

  24. Alloys & Blends • NOT copolymers • HIPS (rubber added) • SAN • ABS • Not copolymers

  25. ABS PolyButadiene Rubber B Alloys can acquire the properties of their component parts Properties of the ABS dependant on the mix ratio PolyAcrylonitrile PolyStyrene A S

  26. Alloys vs Copolymers • Alloys • Created after • Copolymers

  27. Thank You

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