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“MITOCHONDRIAL EVE”

“MITOCHONDRIAL EVE”. THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago. Mitochondria. Structure -cristae -matrix Functions -generate energy -cellular respiration -heat production

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“MITOCHONDRIAL EVE”

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  1. “MITOCHONDRIAL EVE” THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago.

  2. Mitochondria • Structure -cristae -matrix • Functions -generate energy -cellular respiration -heat production • Origin – symbiosis of primitive bacteria and eukaryotic cells

  3. Mitochondrial DNA • Double-stranded, circular • 16,569 base pairs • Independent replication • No recombination • No DNA repair • 10X higher mutation rate

  4. Mitochondria & Fertilization • Oocytes have 100,000 mitochondria • Sperm have < 100 mitochondria • Sperm mitochondria is destroyed after fertilization • Mitochondria is only inherited from the mother

  5. “MITOCHONDRIAL EVE” THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago.

  6. Possible Causes/Events for Mitochondrial Eve • Bottleneck • Random Genetic Drift • Parthenogenesis

  7. The Parthenon

  8. Molecular Evidence • DNA Restriction Analysis • Sequencing

  9. Evolutionary Tree

  10. Anthropological Evidence Human bones tools

  11. Summary • Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother • A population bottleneck likely resulted in Mitochondrial Eve • Molecular and anthropological evidence support the theory of Mitochondrial Eve

  12. Key References Ankel-Simons, F and Cummins,J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13859 -13863, 1996. Barton, N. and Jones, J. Nature 306:317-318, 1983. Brown, W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 77:3605-3609,1980. Cann, R. et al. Nature 325:31-36, 1987. Cavalli-Sforza, L. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6002-6006, 1988. Giles, R. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6715-6719, 1980. Lewin, R. Science 238:24 -26, 1987. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 5th edition, Columbia Univ. Press, 1993. http://hotbot.com/?MT=parthenogenesis&BT=H&DHS=1 Ross, D. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 115:544, 1991. Stringer, C. Sci. Am. December 98-104, 1990. Stringer, C and Andrews, P. Science 239:1263-1268, 1988. Vigilant, L. et al. Science 253:1503-1507, 1991. Wilson, A. and Cann, R. Sci. Am. April 68-73, 1992.

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