The Promise of Multimedia

1. The Promise of Multimedia EDIT-610-T01 Fall 2006 Dr. Mike Uttendorfer

2. Definitions • Multimedia - presentation of material using both words and pictures. • Words include written text and spoken words • Pictures include static graphics – including illustrations, graphs, photos or maps – and dynamic graphics - including animations and videos (Mayer, 2003)

3. Definitions • Multimedia Learning - learning from words and pictures. • Multimedia Presentation – presentation using words and pictures. • Multimedia Instructional Presentation – presentation using pictures and words that is intended to foster learning. (Mayer, 2003)

4. Why Multimedia? • People remember 10% of what they read • People remember 20% of what they hear • People remember 30% of what the see • People remember 50% of what they see, hear, and read combined!!

5. Why Multimedia? • “In the process of trying to build connections between words and pictures, learners are able to create a deeper understanding than from words or pictures alone.” (Mayer, 2003, p.5.)

6. Three Views of Multimedia Messages • Delivery Media View • Presentation Modes View • Sensory Modalities View

7. Delivery Mode View • Focuses on the delivery devices used to present material such as computer screens, speakers, projectors, SmartBoards, video recorders, etc. • The emphasis is on the devices used to present information rather than the wy people learn.

8. Presentation Modes View • The presentation of material using two or more modes – such as text, sound and pictures in a single presentation. • This focuses on the way the material is presented.

9. Sensory Modalities View • Multimedia that involves 2 or more sensory systems • Focuses on the sensory receptor the learner uses to precise the incoming material such as eyes and ears

10. Two Views of Multimedia Design • Technology-Centered Approaches • Learner-centered Approaches

11. Technology-Centered Approaches • Focuses on cutting-edge advances in multimedia technology and designs multimedia materials based on what the technology can do. • Technology- centered approaches generally fail to lead to lasting improvements in education. (Cuban, 1986).

12. Learner-Center Approaches • Multimedia is viewed as an aid to human cognition. • These approaches begin with an understanding of how people learn and asks “how can we adapt multimedia to improve learning?”

13. Two Metaphors of Multimedia Learning • Multimedia Learning as Information Acquisition • Multimedia Learning as Knowledge Construction

14. Multimedia Learning as Information Acquisition • Assumptions: • Learning is based on information • The learner’s job is to receive information • The teacher’s job is to present information

15. Multimedia Learning as Knowledge Construction • Assumptions: • Knowledge is personally constructed by the learner and not “delivered” • The learner’s job is to mke sense of the presented material • The teacher’s job is to help the learner in the sense-making process

16. Two Goals of Multimedia Learning • Remembering • Ability to reproduce or recognize presented material (recall) • Understanding • Ability to use presented material in new ways (application transfer)

17. Three Kinds of Multimedia Learning Outcomes • No Learning • No knowledge, poor retention, poor transfer • Rote Learning • Fragmented knowledge, good retention, poor transfer • Meaningful Learning • Integrated knowledge, good retention, good transfer

18. Two Kinds of Active Learning • Behavioral Activity • Cognitive Activity • Meaningful learning depends on the learner’s cognitive activity during learning rather than on the learner’s behavioral activity during learning.