Boll Weevil Capture/Recognition Device

1. Boll Weevil Capture/Recognition Device Professor Ron Larkin TA: Scott Anderson Project Team #1 Jeremy Bero Arif Poonawala Mark Richmond

2. Introduction • Boll weevil traps are used to eradicate these insects from the U.S. • Currently boll weevil traps are placed in the field and need to be checked periodically for captures, wasting time and money • Wanted a design that could be self-contained, removing the need to manually check traps

3. Goals and Objectives • This device would eliminate the need to check traps by: • Taking pictures of incoming insects • Sending text messages to entomologists alerting them to a capture • Being self-sustained with solar power and converters for power supply • Send text messages alerting if the power supply has been drained significantly

4. Lab Setup

5. System Overview • Hardware: • 12V-5V dc-dc buck converter • 12V-3V dc-dc buck converter • Low voltage detection circuitry • Solar power interface • Software: • Image Recognition Algorithm • AT+GSM Text Messenger • Low Battery Detector

6. Camera Back-End Dialer/Info Relay Central Processing Unit Light Solar Cell / Battery Unit Block Diagram

7. Hardware (12V-5V converter) • Simulations

8. Hardware (12V-5V converter) • Implementation • Takes input from 12V battery • Outputs 5V dc

9. 12V-5V converter • Results • Tests • Decreased ripple significantly with large capacitors (10,000µF) • Increased stability with large, powdered iron core inductors (0.5mH) • Adjusted two potentiometers to control frequency and duty ratio

10. Hardware (12V-3V converter) • Simulations

11. Hardware (12V-3V converter) • Implementation • Takes input from 12V battery • Outputs 3V dc

12. 12V-3V converter • Results • Tests • Decreased ripple significantly with large capacitors (49,000µF) • Increased stability with large, powdered iron core inductors (2.3mH) • Adjusted two potentiometers to control frequency and duty ratio

13. Hardware (Low voltage circuitry) • Schematic [1] http://www.solorb.com/elect/solarcirc/lvbeep/index.html

14. Low voltage circuitry • Implementation • Takes input from 12V battery • Outputs 0V when input is above 11.2V • Outputs 5V when input is at or below 11.2V

15. Low voltage circuitry • Results • Tests • Adjusted potentiometer to control when the circuit would send out 5V signal • Chose 11.2V due to limitations of the SBC in future implementations

16. Solar power circuitry • Schematic

17. Solar power circuitry • Implementation • Takes input from solar panel • Morningstar charger controls battery levels to prohibit overcharging

18. Solar power circuitry • Testing • Placed solar panel, charger and battery in direct sunlight for two hours • Results • Battery voltage increased about 0.4V over the two hour span, meaning that the battery was being charged at 0.2V per hour • Our battery draws at 0.13V per hour under full load, thus the solar setup is sufficient

19. Software • Image Recognition • Image Subtraction • Thresholding • Object Association • Calculate Size • Calculate Centroids • Track Centroids

20. Image Subtraction

21. Thresholding • Foreground/Background Separation • Minimizes “within-group variance” [2] ECE 470 (Lab 5) Manual

22. Object Association • Uses two Raster (Right to Left, Top to Bottom) scans • Associates objects based on neighbors [3] ECE 470 (Lab 5) Manual

23. Centroids rowSum=0; colSum=0; pixSum=0; for(i=0; i<height; i++) { for(j=0; j<width; j++) { if(Pixel Is In Object) { rowSum=rowSum+i; colSum=colSum+j; pixSum++; } } } CentroidY=rowSum/pixSum; CentroidX=colSum/pixSum;

24. Centroid Tracking • Centroids now watched for “positive” Y movement, until they reach rows 100-120 • When moving up and reaching this range, program captures frame and sends out a text message

25. Bug Found • Freezes frame and sends text message

26. AT+GSM Messenger • Establishing and opening serial port connection • Setting up serial port parameters • Generate and send SMS messages • Messages for bug capture instances • Messages for low voltage warnings

27. Establishing and Setting Serial Port • Cell Phone cable provides standard COM port interface. • COM port is opened as a file for generic reading and writing. • Serial port parameters established. (9600 baud, 8 data bits, no flow control) • Timeout Values established for Serial Port • Buffers flushed to remove residual data

28. Send an SMS Message • The following is sent to the cell phone as ASCII: • ATH (Hang up command) • AT+CMGF=0 (Sets Text message format to PDU) • AT+CMGS ## (## = Message Length) • Insert PDU Message Here • Ctrl-Z

29. Generating a PDU • Dialing Prefix • Phone Number with 2 byte switches. 630.555.6275 -> 3650552657 • SMS options (protocol ID, data coding scheme, expiration time) • Number of bytes in Output stream • Converts septets (ASCII) to compressed octets

30. Septet to Octet Compression • Steals bits from next char to fill leading zeroes [4] http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc8016.pdf

31. Software Test Results * False positives most likely caused by automatic gain adjustment on camera ** Failures to detect can also be related to camera gain or possibly moving an object too quickly through the frame

32. Low Battery Detector • Works in conjunction with 5V comparator • When comparator goes high, CTS and DTR are shorted together • CTS is detected, message triggered

33. Future Software • Implement an automatic saving function that could save and transmit the actual image of the bug, rather than a text message • Algorithm improvement to better object tracking abilities

34. Future hardware • Integrate all hardware into a stand-alone boll weevil trap • Implement working CM-52 and SBC to allow trap to be deployed into the field

35. Credits • Professor Ron Larkin • Joe Spencer – Entomologist • Rod Sabick – Engineer • Scott Anderson – TA • Brett Nee – Consulting TA • Professor P. Scott Carney

36. Thank You Questions?