The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914

1. CHAPTER 27 QUIT The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914 Chapter Overview Time Line Imperialists Divide Africa 1 SECTION Patterns of Change: Imperialism 2 SECTION Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands 3 SECTION British Imperialism in India 4 SECTION MAP Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia 5 SECTION GRAPH Visual Summary

2. CHAPTER 27 Chapter Overview HOME The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914 Western imperialists, with superior arms and technology, establish colonies in Asia and Africa. The Europeans export finished goods to the colonies and import raw materials and cash crops. Colonial rule provokes native resistance movements.

3. CHAPTER 27 1914 1850 HOME The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914 Time Line 1850European trading with Africa well-established. 1869Suez Canal completed. 1898United States acquires Philippines, annexes Hawaii. 1858Britain establishes direct rule over India. 1884-1885Berlin Conference sets rules for African colonization. 1899Boer War begins in South Africa.

4. 1 HOME Imperialists Divide Africa Key Idea Western European nations race to divide Africa among themselves. They draw territorial boundaries without regard to Africans’ ethnic, linguistic, and cultural divisions. Overview Assessment

5. 1 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Imperialists Divide Africa Overview • imperialism • racism • Social Darwinism • Berlin Conference 1884–85 • Shaka • Boer • Great Trek • Boer War WHY IT MATTERS NOW Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established colonial claims. African nations continue to feel the effects of the colonial presence of 100 years ago. Assessment

6. 1 1 Section Assessment Imperialism HOME Imperialists Divide Africa 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the four motives that caused the growth of imperialism during the late 1800s. economic competition nationalism missionary impulse racism continued . . .

7. 1 HOME Imperialists Divide Africa 1 Section Assessment 2. What can you infer about the Europeans’ attitude toward Africans from the Berlin Conference? THINK ABOUT •who attended the conference •the outcome of the conference ANSWER Because only Europeans attended the conference, it can be inferred that they felt Africans were inferior and had no rights and that Europeans were entitled to divide Africa among themselves. Possible Response: End of Section 1

8. 2 PATTERNS OF CHANGE HOME Imperialism CASE STUDY: Nigeria Key Idea Europeans use colonies, protectorates, spheres of influence, economic imperialism, and different patterns of management to control African colonies. African resistance movements emerge in response. Overview Assessment

9. PATTERNS OF CHANGE TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Imperialism 2 CASE STUDY: Nigeria Overview • paternalism • assimilation • Menelik II WHY IT MATTERS NOW Europeans embarked on a new phase of empire-building that affected both Africa and the rest of the world. Many former colonies have political problems that are the result of colonial rule. Assessment

10. 2 PATTERNS OF CHANGE European Imperialism Forms of Control Management Methods HOME Imperialism CASE STUDY: Nigeria 2 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain how Europeans controlled and managed other areas of the world. Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, economic imperialism Direct control, indirect control continued . . .

11. 2 PATTERNS OF CHANGE HOME Imperialism CASE STUDY: Nigeria 2 Section Assessment 2. Do you think Europeans could have conquered Africa if the Industrial Revolution had never occurred? Explain your answer.THINK ABOUT •the limited role of Europeans in Africa until the late 1800s •what inventions changed Europeans’ ability to enter Africa ANSWER Inventions from the Industrial Revolution enabled Europeans to conquer Africa. They reached the interior using steamboats and railroads. Telegraphs and telephones gave them rapid communications. New weapons and quinine to treat malaria enabled European armies to defeat all other armies. Possible Response: End of Section 2

12. 3 HOME Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands Key Idea After the death of Suleiman I, European nations divide the Ottoman Empire. A combined British-French-Ottoman force defeats the Russians in the Crimean War, and the British seize the Suez Canal. Overview Assessment

13. 3 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands Overview • geopolitics • Crimean War • Suez Canal WHY IT MATTERS NOW European nations expanded their empires by seizing territories from Muslim states. Political events in this vital resource area are still influenced by actions from the imperialistic period. Assessment

14. 3 Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands. HOME Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands 3 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Record at least three details that support the following idea: “Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.” Ottoman Empire tries to reform but fails. Egyptian leaders cannot complete modernization. Persia falls to economic imperialism. continued . . .

15. 3 HOME Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands 3 Section Assessment 2. How were the reactions of African and Muslim rulers to imperialism similar? How were they different? THINK ABOUT •African and Muslim patterns of resistance •African and Muslim efforts toward modernization ANSWER Both African and Muslim rulers resisted Europeans. Muslims tried to modernize to resist Western imperialism, while many Africans simply signed away their lands. Menelik II was the only African ruler to remain independent. Possible Responses: continued . . .

16. 3 HOME Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands 3 Section Assessment 3. Why did European imperialist powers want to take over Ottoman Empire lands? THINK ABOUT •the location of the Ottoman Empire •its special resources •European ambitions ANSWER • The Ottoman Empire ruled much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It controlled key overland trade routes and sea trade on the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic Ocean and Black Sea. • It also contained many important natural resources, such as oil. European nations wanted to control trade and to obtain greater wealth. Possible Responses: End of Section 3

17. 4 HOME British Imperialism in India MAP Key Idea Britain gradually attains control over India, establishing the Raj. British rule gives rise to nationalist feelings and to resistance movements. Overview Assessment

18. 4 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME British Imperialism in India MAP Overview • sepoy • “jewel in the crown” • Sepoy Mutiny • Raj WHY IT MATTERS NOW As the Mughal Empire declined, Britain seized Indian territory until it controlled almost the whole subcontinent. India, the second most populated nation in the world, has its political roots in this colony. Assessment

19. 4 Causes Effects 1. Decline of the Mughal Empire 2. Colonial practices 3. Sepoy Mutiny HOME British Imperialism in India MAP 4 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For each cause listed below, write about its effect. 1. East India Company expanded its colonial territory. 2. Created resentment and nationalist feelings among Indians 3. Built support for nationalist groups continued . . .

20. 4 HOME British Imperialism in India MAP 4 Section Assessment 2. How did imperialism contribute to unity and the growth of nationalism in India? THINK ABOUT •the benefits of imperialism •the negative effects of imperialism ANSWER • Positive effects of imperialism—railroads, roads, telephones, telegraph, unified rule; improved communications and unified many Indians • Negative effects—racism, economic hardships; contributed to the growth of nationalism and a desire for self-rule Possible Responses: continued . . .

21. 4 HOME British Imperialism in India MAP 4 Section Assessment 3. How did economic imperialism lead to India’s becoming a British colony? THINK ABOUT •the role of the British East India Company •the Sepoy Mutiny ANSWER The British East India Company had its own private army to maintain control of its territory in India. When the Sepoy Mutiny occurred, the company was unable to regain control. The British government stepped in, seized control, and claimed India as a colony of the crown. Possible Response: End of Section 4

22. 5 HOME Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia GRAPH Key Idea Western imperialists, including the United States, claim lands in the South Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Hawaiian Islands. Only Siam remains independent. Overview Assessment

23. 5 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia GRAPH Overview • Pacific Rim • King Mongkut • Emilio Aguinaldo • annexation • Queen Liliuokalani WHY IT MATTERS NOW Demand for Asian products drove Western imperialists to seek possession of Southeast Asian lands. Southeast Asian independence struggles in the 20th century have their roots in this period of imperialism. Assessment

24. 5 Western powers in Southeast Asia HOME Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia GRAPH 5 Section Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify four Western powers and the areas they controlled. Dutch: Indonesia French: Indochina British: Malayan Peninsula United States: Hawaii/Philippines continued . . .

25. 5 HOME Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia GRAPH 5 Section Assessment 2. How did the reforms of the Siamese kings maintain Siam’s independence? THINK ABOUT •what was happening to Siam’s neighbors •the results of the changes ANSWER Siam’s neighbors were dominated or taken over by European nations. Siam was able to stay independent because it modernized and could compete with Europeans. There was little social turmoil in Siam, and the king was able to stay in power and resist European demands. Possible Response: End of Section 5