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War, Glory, and Decline

War, Glory, and Decline. The Greeks. The Persian Wars. Persians had always tried to over take the Greek city-states. 546 BC, Cyrus took over the Ionians (colonies along Asia minor coast) Ionians soon revolted Persians lost control. 499 BC Darius re-took the Ionians

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War, Glory, and Decline

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  1. War, Glory, and Decline The Greeks

  2. The Persian Wars • Persians had always tried to over take the Greek city-states. • 546 BC, Cyrus took over the Ionians (colonies along Asia minor coast) • Ionians soon revolted • Persians lost control. • 499 BC Darius re-took the Ionians • The Persians wanted all of Greece to pay.

  3. War with Persians • 488 BC, Darius tried to invade by land but failed. • Their supply ships were destroyed in a storm at sea. • 2 yrs later they landed about 20,000 troops about 25 miles from Athens. (Battle of Marathon) • Greeks only had 10,000 troops ready. • Greeks did not attack right away. • Persians got tired waiting and started to load on to ships.

  4. Persians Greeks attacked while Persians were loading. • Terrible loss for the Persians • Pheidippides was sent to Athens to deliver a message of victory. • Ran about 280 miles in the past four days. • Died after he delivered the message NIKE.

  5. The Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis • Xerxes, ten years later, invaded by land. • 200,000 Persians, supplied by ships off shore. • Greeks needed time to build more ships. • About 7,000 Greeks met the Persians at Thermopylae. • 300 Spartans led by King Leonidas • The Greeks were betrayed and were surrounded • All of the Spartans died but one • Gave Greece enough time to prepare ships for battle.

  6. Battle of Salamis • The Greeks lured the Persian fleet into the straits of Salamis. • Shallow water made it hard for the Persians to maneuver. • Greeks had faster more maneuverable ships. • Destroyed almost all of the Persian fleet. • Persian army had to retreat • No more supplies.

  7. Golden Age of Athens (461 to 429 BC) • The Athenians were the political power in Greece. • For most of the Golden Age they were led by Pericles. • He ruled for more than 30 yrs. • He is responsible for most of Athens advances and buildings. • He wanted Athens to stand for what was best in Greek Civilization.

  8. Peloponnesian War (431—404 BC) • The threat from Persia was not over • Athens persuaded most of the city-states to ally against the Persians. • Sparta did not ally. • The alliance was known as the Delian League • Athens provided most of the army and navy • Others city-states supplied the gold to build the ships etc.

  9. Delian League • Others city-states supplied the gold to build the ships etc. • Pericles began to dominate other city-states internal affairs. • Had to adopt Athenian coinage system. • Turned into an Athenian Empire.

  10. War • Sparta was the main anti-Athenian rival. • The war lasted from 431 to 404 BC. • Athens could outlast Sparta because they had no navy. • Sparta made an agreement with the Persia. • Sparta could then build ships and Persia would get the Ionian states back. • This was followed by a outbreak of typhus. • Killed Pericles • Sparta eventually defeated Athens.

  11. Decline • Sparta took over role of leader in Greece. • Did not do well, very in-flexible. • Thebes eventually defeated the Spartans. • Thebes was also not a good leader • The fighting continued • Greece was ready for a new leader (A Macedonian)

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