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WEATHERING AND EROSION

Weathering and erosion are key natural processes that shape the Earth's surface. Weathering refers to the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals, while erosion involves the gradual destruction by natural forces, particularly water. Water erosion is driven by moving water, such as rivers and rain, carrying away soil and rock materials. Key forms include splash, sheet, rill, gully, and valley erosion. This guide explores the mechanisms of water erosion, its stages, and the resulting landscape features, highlighting the importance of factors like stream volume and flow rate.

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WEATHERING AND EROSION

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  1. WEATHERING AND EROSION Haley, Sam, Hailey & Claire

  2. Definitions • Erosion: The gradual distruction or proscess or eroding by nature (wind, water etc) • Weathering: The breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals at or near earths surface. • Physical Weathering: Process of breaking down rock by nature; experiencing changes in character • Chemical Weathering: Involving chemical reactions, produces a rock with a new mineral composition

  3. Water Erosion • There are many types of weathering and erosion in nature, but we are focusing on erosion caused by water • The flow of the water is what erodes material • Such as a, flowing river, rain and a running tap • Flowing water causes material like rock to break up and erode away

  4. Water erosion

  5. Why does this happen? • Water in motion is the greatest force in shaping earths surface. • The body of water wears away surface according to velocity and volume • As the water flows past the banks it carries away materials like the rock, dirt and sand. • (physical weathering) • Eventually the moving water weathers down the soil on the banks or rivers and streams

  6. Important factors • Volume of a stream • Corrasion • Flow of water • Transportaion and deposition • Tributary • Mouth of river • Drainage

  7. Types of Water Erosion • Splash erosion: When raindrops fall onto earths surface the impacts can cause detachment of particles • Sheet erosion: Heavy rain fall flows in a sheet along bare soil, removing particles in thin layers • Runoff: extreme amount of water on little surface causing more erosion. • Rill erosion: Heavy rain causes carves in soil, water fills up rills and become gullies • Gully erosion: Flowing water goes along a depression • Valley or Stream erosion: Continuous water flow erodes downward causing valley to become deeper

  8. River Stages • Torrent Course: Fast flowing water erodes rapidly downward or vertically • Valley course: Slower moving water erodes the banks causing lateral erosion • Plain course: Slow winding river over flat ground

  9. Results of water erosion • On the surface which has been eroded by flowing water, it developes a pattern • Drainage patterns or Dendritic Drainage form patterns • Patterns along soil called radical, Dendritic and Trellis.

  10. Form of the earth • Different types of rock erode and weather differently • The flow of water causes slopes, new streams and rivers, deeper valleys, hills and depressions

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