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Advocacy Toolkit

Advocacy Toolkit. v.10-2008. How to convince stakeholders to support development education (DE)? A toolkit in three parts: 1 Arguments What is DE? Why is it important? Who are the actors? 2 Methods Principles of and approaches to successful lobbying 3 Examples

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Advocacy Toolkit

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  1. Advocacy Toolkit v.10-2008 How to convince stakeholders to support development education (DE)? A toolkit in three parts: 1 Arguments What is DE? Why is it important? Who are the actors? 2 Methods Principles of and approaches to successful lobbying 3 Examples Who did it well? Spotlights on Spain, Poland and the European multi stakeholder process on DE Arguments (1/21)

  2. What is DE? Before starting any advocacy activity, a clear understanding of the topic should be shared. The following four slides recall basic definitions and principles of development education. Please refer to the DEEEP website for further details, especially to the European Development Education Consensus: http://www.deeep.org/deconsensusprocess.html Arguments (2/21)

  3. Our definition of DE Development education is an active learning process, founded on values of solidarity, equality, inclusion and co-operation. It enables people to move from basic awareness of international development priorities and sustainable human development, through understanding of the causes and effects of global issues, to personal involvement and informed action. Development education fosters the full participation of all citizens in world-wide poverty eradication, and the fight against exclusion. It seeks to influence more just and sustainable economic, social, environmental, and human rights based national and international policies. definition approved by DEF and CONCORD GA in 2004 What is DE? Arguments (3/21)

  4. DE definition diagram Development Education values solidarity, co-operation, equality, inclusion active learning process under- standing action awareness change policies What is DE? Arguments (4/21)

  5. DE and other „educations“ DE is closely linked to other educations, with which it is often overlapping. The overarching concept is Global Education. Global refers to the content (one world issues) as well as to the methods (holistic pedagogy: participative, creative, personal..) Global Education is also refered to as Global Learning, Education for Global Citizenship or others, depending on national and historical context. The DEF uses a broad concept of DE, practically identical with Global Education. Environmental Education Intercultural Education Peace Education Development Education Gender Education Human rights Education Global Education What is DE? Arguments (5/21)

  6. Education or politics? The diagram shows interconnections between DE and GE and different fields of formal and informal education. Beyond its educational character, the final objective of DE is however strongly political: Change of attitudes and behaviours of citizens (including decision makers) and so finally change politics and societies, through a broad range of activities and action fields, from awareness raising over formal and non-formal learning processes to campaigning and political advocacy work. In this sense, education as a tool to enable citizens’ engagement is necessarily political. What is DE? Arguments (6/21)

  7. Why is it important? The following slides provide 8 solid arguments on why development education should be supported. Links provide further in-depth information on each argument. The arguments should be selected and adapted according to the advocacy target (e.g. not the same arguments are convincing for the MFA development department and for a school curriculum authority). Don‘t hesitate to contact DEEEP if you have questions on a specific point. Arguments (7/21)

  8. Eight good reasons for DE • DE is necessary, because DE is... • an answer to globalisation • challenging global injustice and poverty • challenging misinformation and stereotypes • providing qualification and skills • strengthening civil society • effective: DE works • a democraticrequirement • a political and legalobligation Why is it important? Arguments (8/21)

  9. 1. answer to globalisation Lives of people are increasingly globallyconnected and shaped by what happens in other parts of the world. Development Education provides necessary knowledge, understanding, skills and values to fully participate in ensuring own and others well-being and to make a positive contribution to globalisation, both locally and globally. more on DE as an appropriate answer to globalisation: Oxfam guide on „Education for global Citizenship“ http://www.oxfam.org.uk/education/gc/files/education_for_global_citizenship_a_guide_for_schools.pdf Why is it important? Arguments (9/21)

  10. 2. poverty reduction „Take every penny you have set aside in aid for Tanzania and spend it in the UK explaining to people facts and causes of poverty“ Julius Nyerere, former president of Tanzania. The world we live in is unfair and unequal, and DE promotes the challenging and changing of this. Reasons for poverty are complex: international trade and politics, postcolonial relations, gouvernance etc. DE promotes to get actively involved in changing policies in the North which harm the South, through awareness raising, education, campaigning and advocacy. For example, a campaign for fair trade or lobbying for debt release can be effective contributions to poverty reduction. more on how DE contributes to poverty reduction: Working to achieve the Millennium Development Goals through greater European public engagement in the fight against global poverty - CONCORD DEF position paper (2007) http://www.deeep.org/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/DE_Forum_reports/DEF_position_paper_Oct07.pdf Why is it important? Arguments (10/21)

  11. 3. fights misinformation Misinformation and stereotypes are characteristic for the image of development cooperation and the „south“ in general. Questioning generalisations and critical thinking are key elements of DE. Knowledge on non European countries and development issues remains very poor (e.g. 80% of the European public have never heard about the MDGs, spending for development aid is largely overestimated). However, a realistic picture of development challenges and the impact of European policies as well as individual behaviour is essential to constructively contribute to a better world. DE can provide this knowledge. more on Europeans‘ attitudes towards development issues: Special Eurobarometer „Europeans and Development Aid“, June 2007 http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_280_en.pdf ActionAid UK, Opinion Poll on Public Attitudes to Aid, 2006 http://www.actionaid.org.uk/doc_lib/poll_summary.pdf DEA study: Young people’s Experiences of Global Learning http://www.dea.org.uk/uploads/4453d22a64a184b4f76a113996448fcf/Ipsos_MORI.pdf Why is it important? Arguments (11/21)

  12. 4. skills and qualifications Self-esteem, critical thinking, communication, co-operation, adaptability, team behaviour and global citizenship are essential qualities in the modern society. Active and particatory methods of DE engage the learner and help individuals to grow and develop their potential. Those competences are not only a precondition for reflective participation in society, but also largely appreciated skills on the labour market (which might lead to new alliances in the promotion of DE). However, in DE these skills are rooted in values such as solidarity and inclusion. Some actors (like Oxfam or UNESCO) simply call this quality education. more on this: UNESCO‘s concept of „quality education“: http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27542&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Skills in Oxfam‘s „Curriculum for Global Citizenship“: http://eduwight.iow.gov.uk/curriculum/marks/images/Oxfam'sCurriculumforGlobalCitizenship.pdf Why is it important? Arguments (12/21)

  13. 5. strengthens civil society The empowering and participatory approach of DE, encouraging individual and collective action, strengthens engagement of citizens. A strong civil society is however one precondition for coherent international cooperation policies. Aware and active civil society is of particular importance in „emerging donor“ countries (NMS), which are about to define their international cooperation policies. Without the support of the public opinion, there will be little likelihood of strong ODA policies. “If [citizens] were better educated and more informed regarding global development issues, they could provide informed, critical support to reformers in their countries, so as to foster more vigorous, more efficient and coherent development co–operation policies..” OECD Development Centre, 2005 more on this: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights Nr. 13 „MDGs, Taxpayers and Aid Effectiveness“ http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/42/35310784.pdf Civil society project „EU policy coherence for Developement“ http://www.eucoherence.org/ Why is it important? Arguments (13/21)

  14. 6. DE works! DE has positive, documented and evaluated effects on society. The OECD Development Centre sees a positive correlation between better awareness and higher expenditure on DE. Moreover, the 5 EU members who have invested most in DE are close to the 0.7% of GNP for ODA target, or have reached it already. Also beyond the aim of “more and better aid”, DE proves to contribute to a better society, e.g. in terms of intercultural competences or environmental behaviour. more DE spending more awareness better ODA more on this: OECD publication “Public Opinion and the Fight against Poverty” http://www.oecd.org/document/31/0,3343,en_2649_34101_2498143_1_1_1_1,00.html OECD study on „MDGs, Taxpapers and Aid Effectiveness“ http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/42/35310784.pdf RISC publication “How do we know it’s working?” http://www.risc.org.uk/education/teaching_resources.html There are plenty of positive examples of DE all over Europe. Contact DEEEP if you look for precise cases linked to your country or region. Why is it important? Arguments (14/21)

  15. 7. democratic requirement It is a democraticright that the general public are adequately informed of development cooperation, so that they can hold their goverments to account to show that their taxes are being put to tackling poverty consistently and effectively, while also promoting social development. Actions and evidence of impact should be communicated clearly to the public, and be made easily accessible through a range of media. Transparency and democratic control contribute to the quality of the development policy of a country. DE can contribute to that. more on this: CONCORD is doing an important work of ODA monitoring and documentation, which shows clearly that transparency and governmental communication is insufficient. CONCORD Aid Watch http://www.concordeurope.org/Public/Page.php?ID=258 CONCORD Aid effectiveness group http://www.concordeurope.org/Public/Page.php?ID=8825 The link between democracy in donor countries and quality of development policies http://www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3_e.nsf/(ynDK_contentByKey)/ADMR-7BRLEX?Open&nav=expand:Publications;active:Publications\ADMR-7BRLEX Why is it important? Arguments (15/21)

  16. 8. political obligation In an ever growing number of political commitments and declarations, governments and institutions recognise the importance of DE. „The EU will pay particular attention to development education and awareness raising“ The European Consensus on Development, part 1, 4.3 selection of main European commitments: 2001 EU Council of Ministers Resolution on DE 2002 Maastricht Global Education Declaration 2005 Recommendations of the Brussels conference on DE 2005 to 2014 UN decade of Education for sustainable development 2005 European Consensus on development 2006 Recommendations of the Helsinki conference on DE 2007 European DE Consensus 2008 EP report on Development Cooperation Policies for the NMS 2008 Recommendations of the Ljubljana conference on DE more on this (links to the texts and resources): http://www.deeep.org/advocacy.html „3% of aid funds could be earmarked for spending within donor nations [...] to increase public awareness of the interdependence of the North and the South“ UNDP Human Development Report 1993, p.8 Why is it important? Arguments (16/21)

  17. Who are the actors? Knowing the DE actors in Europe is not only important to exchange on practises and to build up alliances. Their activities or mere existence can also support your argument: If a recognised international actor (as the European Commission) or a neigbouring country take DE seriously, a national government might be convinced more easily. The following three slides provide an overview on DE actors in Europe, on the existence of national DE strategies and on funding for DE. Arguments (17/21)

  18. UN Millenium campaign UNESCO DE Actors mapping (selection) NGOs / civil society governmental / institutions Council of Europe CONCORD North-South Centre GCAP & other campaigns European Youth Forum European DE multi stakeholder steering group international European DEF European Commission OECD DevCom CEMR European networks (Oxfam, Plan, GLEN etc.) GENE European Parliament media nat. MFAs nat. platforms trade unions nat. MoEs nat. development agencies (InWEnt etc.) media national nat. ngos foundations local authorities churches local ngos universities DE Centres private schools media fair trade shops libraries schools ... local Who are the actors? Arguments (18/21)

  19. National DE strategies existing national DE strategy Spain, France, England, Northern Ireland, Wales, Ireland, Austria, Greece no national DE strategy Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Malta, Cyprus in process or partly existing Scotland, Finland, Latvia, Poland, Germany, Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Belgium, Hungary, Romania, Netherlands, Slovenia A quality DE strategy in another (e.g. neighbouring) country can be a good argument to use with your own government („if they have it, and it works, why shouldn‘t we?“). more on this: National examples (Poland, Spain) in part 3 of this toolkit DEEEP biannual survey on DE http://www.deeep.org/snapshotdememberstates.html contact the national DEF representative or advocacy@deeep.orgfor more details on specific countries Who are the actors? Arguments (19/21)

  20. National DE spending DE spending in Mio € (2004) DE spending p.c. in € (2004) NL D GB DK A E IRL F SF NL D L GB DK A E more numbers: check the DEEEP website http://www.deeep.org or contact advocacy@deeep.org IRL F SF source: OECD http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/42/35310784.pdf L Who are the actors? Arguments (20/21)

  21. Advocacy Toolkit v.10-2008 Thank you for using the DEEEP Advocacy Toolkit For any questions, feedback or remarks, please write an email to advocacy@deeep.org Also check out the rest! The toolkit comes in three parts: 1 Arguments What is DE? Why is it important? Who are the actors? 2 Methods Principles of and approaches to successful lobbying 3 Examples Who did it well? Spotlights on Spain, Poland and the European multi stakeholder process on DE

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