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Understanding Pressure and Volume Changes During the Cardiac Cycle

This lecture by Dr. Zahoor Ali Shaikh delves into the intricate dynamics of the cardiovascular system, focusing on pressure changes during the cardiac cycle in both the right and left atria and ventricles, as well as major arteries. Key concepts discussed include Stroke Volume (SV), End Diastolic Volume (EDV), End Systolic Volume (ESV), and Ejection Fraction (EF), highlighting their significance in assessing cardiac function. The lecture includes graphical representations of pressure curves and outlines the relationships between volumes and pressures throughout the cardiac cycle.

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Understanding Pressure and Volume Changes During the Cardiac Cycle

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  1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMLECTURE - IX DR. ZAHOOR ALI SHAIKH

  2. PRESSURE CHANGES DURING CARDIAC CYCLE

  3. Pressure changes during cardiac cycle Rt- Atrium = 2-8mm Hg. Lt- Atrium = 2-10 mm Hg. Rt – Ventricle = 25 / 6(2-8) mm Hg. Lt – ventricle = 120 / 8(2-10) mm Hg. Aorta = 120 / 80 mm Hg. Pul. Artery = 25 / 10 mm Hg.

  4. Draw pressure curve for Lt.ventricle, Aorta & Lt. Atrium • Draw pressure curve for Rt. Ventricle & Pul. Artery. • Draw waves of Juglar Venous Pulse (JVP). • Draw waves of Carotid Arterial Pulse.

  5. First three curves show pressure changes in Lt. vent., Aorta & Lt. atrium

  6. pressure curves for Rt. ventricle. & Pulmonary Artery

  7. Juglar Venous Pulse (JVP)

  8. Carotid Arterial Pulse

  9. LECTURE XVOLUME CHANGES DURING CARDIAC CYCLE

  10. Define Stroke Volume (SV) • Define End Diastolic Volume (EDV) • Define End Systolic Volume (ESV) • Define Ejection Fraction (EF)

  11. Stroke Volume: It is a volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per beat. It is about 70 ml. Stroke volume (SV) = EDV – ESV • End Diastolic Volume: Volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole. It is about 110 – 120 ml. • End Systolic Volume: Volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of Systole. It is about 40 to 50 ml

  12. Volume changes during cardiac cycle

  13. SV (EDV – ESV) X 100 EDV • Ejection fraction (EF) is the percentage of ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) which is ejected with each stroke. EF = 75 X 100 = 62.5% 120 Normal ejection fraction is about 60 – 65 %. Ejection fraction is good index of ventricular function.

  14. PRESSURE VOLUME LOOP • EVENTS OF CARDIAC CYCLE

  15. Relationship between Lt. ventricular volume & pressure changes

  16. Events of cardiac cycle for Lt. ventricular function showing changes in Lt. atrial pressure, Lt. ventricular pressure, aortic pressure, ventricular volume, ECG & phonocardiogram

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