The Integumentary System

1. The Integumentary System

2. The Roles of Integumentary System • Protect the body from pathogens • Absorb impact • Protect inner cells from UV light • Control the body temperature • Excrete wastes of the body • Sensation of pressure, pain, touch, and temperature • Produce vitamin D

3. The Parts of The System The integumentary system consists of three parts: Epidermis –the outermost layer Dermis –the middle layer Hypodermis –the innermost layer

4. The Epidermis • Strucure • No blood vessels –gain nutrients indirectly through dermis • Keratinocytes –constitute 95% of epidermis. Produce keratin protein • Keratin –a hard, tough, water-proving protein consisting of the outermost layer in epidermis • Melanocytes –produce skin pigments(melanin) • Langerhans cells –one of immune cells in skin

5. Epidermal renewal • Keratinocytes divide to provide cells to the surface • The cells gradually reach to the surface and flatten • The cells in the surface are dead, tough, and waterproof

6. The function of epidermis • Provides protection against pathogens • Protects inner cells from physical impacts, UV light, and burn • Waterproof • Prevents body from dehydration

7. The Structure of Dermis • Collagen and elastin –proteins consisting of most of dermis. Properties with elasticity, extensibility • Sweat gland –produces sweat • Erector muscle –erects hairs to hold body heat inside • Hair follicle –a root of hair • Sensory receptor –detects sensation

8. The Functions of Dermis • Regulation of the body temperature • Provides nutrients to the epidermis • Excretion of body waste • Sensations of touching, pressure, pain, and temperature, • Provides skin with elasticity and resistance to distortion and distraction

9. The structure of Hypodermis • Fat cells –the basement of skin • Lymphatic vessels –immunity for skin • Blood vessels –provide nutrient to dermis • Nerves –transmit stimulations from sensory receptors

10. The Function of Hypodermis • Preservation of energy • Insulation of the body • Extra cushion • Provides nutrients to the upper layers

11. Diseases/ Disorders Alopecia Areata Psoriasis Warts Dermatitis Athlete’s Foot • Alopecia Areata • hair • Psoriasis • skin • Warts • skin • Dermatitis • skin • Athlete’s Foot • skin

12. Alopecia Areata A.k.a. spot baldness Autoimmune disorder; attacks hair follicles Only 0.1%-0.2% of humans have been diagnosed with it Leads to baldness Usually starts in childhood Not contagious

13. Prevention/ Treatment • Cannot prevent it if diagnosed • Treatment: • Corticosteroids injected in scalp every 4-6 weeks • Could wear hair pieces or hair weaves • Use only certain hair products • Use unique styling techniques

14. Psoriasis • Chronic autoimmune disease • Symptoms include red/scaly lesions on skin • Lesions are called psoriatic plaques • They show inflammation and increased skin production • This excessive skin production occurs in accumulation of silvery white cells (plaques) • Usually affects elbows and knees • Not contagious

15. Prevention/ Treatment • No way to prevent it if diagnosed • Treatment: • Creams, ointments, and lotions to moisturize the skin • Shampoos, oils, and sprays to treat scalp • Little exposure to sunlight

16. Warts Comes from the Human Papilloma Virus Characterized as tiny, round, rough tumors Appear mostly on hands and feet Many types: common, plantar, flat, genital, and mosaic Contagious via direct contact Can easily and safely be removed

17. Prevention/ Treatment • Prevention: • Avoid exposure to others’ warts • Don’t pick at them to avoid spreading • Keep affected spots dry • Treatment: • Freezing • Cantharidin • Bleomycin • Minor Surgery • Laser Surgery

18. Dermatitis Inflammation of the skin Types: Seborrheic Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Starts out as an itchy rash then could spread with increased redness and swelling Not life-threatening or contagious, but can make one feel very self-conscious

19. Prevention/ Treatment • No way to prevent it if diagnosed • Treatment: • Creams, ointments, and lotions to moisturize the skin

20. Athlete’s Foot Medically termed Tinea Pedis Fungal infection usually on the feet causing scaling, flaking, and itching Could spread to groin if not treated Contagious via moist areas where you would walk barefoot such as a public bath house or shower room

21. Prevention/ Treatment • Prevention: • Maintain good hygiene • Avoid others with the disease • Treatment: • Special medication, does not have to be doctor prescribed

22. Bee Stings • remove the sting by sliding or scraping your fingernail across it, rather than pulling at it. Wash the area and apply ice to reduce the swelling. • If the person has an allergy to bee stings, they can fall into a life-threatening state of anaphylactic shock. • Immobilise the person, apply pressure to the bite and seek immediate medical help.

23. Spider Bites • seek immediate medical help. Bandage the wound firmly. Use a second bandage to wrap the arm or leg and splint the affected limb. Anti-venom is required. • wash the affected area well and soothe the pain with ice packs or iced water.

24. Snake Bites • Don’t wash the skin, as traces of venom left behind might be needed by medical personnel to identify the snake. • Pressure bandage and splint the limb. • If the person was bitten on the torso, make sure your bandaging doesn’t restrict their breathing.

25. Tick • if a tick has burrowed into the skin, grasp it behind the head with fine tweezers, as close to the skin as possible. • Gently pull it straight out with steady pressure, making sure you remove the entire body. • Do not use methylated spirits, alcohol or anything else to kill the tick before removing as this may cause the tick to inject more poison.

26. Minor Burns • Hold the skin under cool, not cold water for 10 to 15 minutes • Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage • Take an over the counter pain reliever

27. Major Burns • Don’t remove burned clothing, make sure the vicitim is not in contact with smoldering or burning substances • Don’t immerge burns in cold water • Cover the area of the burn, use a cool, moist sterile bandage • Elevate the burn the burned body parts • Get a tetanus shot

28. Bruises • Apply ice immediately to the bruised area of the body • Elevate the injured body part above the heart • Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, it will give the body what it needs to help the blood clot.

29. Puncture Wounds • Stop the bleeding, put direct pressure on the wound • Clean the wounds with soap and water • Bandage the wound with if requires protection • Get a tetanus shot

30. Scrapes • Clean the area with soapy cold water. • Treat the area with an antibiotic, make sure the victim isn’t allergic to antibiotics beforehand • Protect the area and allow a scab to form. Scab is the bodies way of protecting open wounds.

31. General Care • 6-8 Hours of sleep • Eating a well-balanced diet and avoiding harmful substances/environments • Exercise – resistance training and cardiovascular • Healthy management of stress • Proper use of antibiotics.