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Guernica

Guernica. Does art reflect society or does society reflect art?.

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Guernica

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  1. Guernica

  2. Does art reflect society or does society reflect art?

  3. What do you think an artist is? An imbecile who only has eyes if he is a painter? Or ears if he is a musician, … Far, far from it; at the same time he is a political being, constantly aware of the heartbreaking, passionate, or delightful things that happen in the world… How could it be possible to feel no interest in other people…to detach yourself from the very life, which they bring to you…? No, painting is not done to decorate apartments. It is an instrument of war – Pablo Picasso

  4. Spain: Since 1900 – torn apart by political issues Catholic Church had too much power labor strikes civil unrest 1931 King Alfonso XIII forced to abdicate And a republic was formed

  5. New government dominated by : • Liberals and Socialist • Church lost status • Army was reduced in size

  6. Unrest continues to Grow • The clergy denounced the new government • Monarchists call for the return of the king • Leftists (Republicans ) join together to dominate parliament • call for more changes

  7. The situation becomes more and more polarized • Republicans Nationalist • liberals military • socialists church • labor groups monarchists • wealthy

  8. 1936 • The republicans unite under the name • Popular front Party • and win the election!! • But the military – led by General Francisco Francolaunch a military coup and overthrow the elected government • A military coup!! • Civil War

  9. League of Nations Reacts • This is a Civil War • sets up border patrols • Hitler and Mussolini make a deal with Franco • Mussolini sends in troops • Hitler sends in troops and money • Stalin sends aid to the Republican army • Britain opposes aid but doesn’t stop it • France wants to help but can’t • US sticks to isolationist policies

  10. In spite of all that help Franco can’ break through the Basque area in northern Spain

  11. 1935 - • German General Erich Ludendorff Total War Everyone is a combatant Soldier and civilian alike

  12. GuilioDouhet – Italian General “enemy moral could be crushed by air delivered terror

  13. Both theories intrigued Hitler • But needed to be tested • Spain offered that opportunity

  14. Wolfram von Richthofen – targeted the town of Guernica

  15. April, 26, 1937 – market day • Bombs fell for three hours • Fires burned for three days • 70% of the villages was destroyed • 1600 civilians killed or wounded • 1/3 of the population • mostly women & children

  16. Paris 1937

  17. May 1, 1937 • News reaches the streets of Paris

  18. Three months later, he delivers his mural

  19. Does this change your impression of Picasso’s painting?

  20. The painting was an “instrument of war” • Hitler had been given the green light by the League of nations and the western democracies • He was ready to make his next move.

  21. Activity: • “ German Aggression Continues” • Packet page 11 • Textbook pages 565 - 567

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