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商贸信函汉译英

商贸信函汉译英. 商贸信函. 商贸信函是指利用信函的方式,通过邮政的渠道,向指定的单位或个人传达商务广告信息,以期达到一定目的信息传播活动。 商业信函根据内容分为两类,即广告类商业信函和账单类商业信函,账单类商业信函也可以搭载广告。 . 分类:按功能分类 询价函 Inquiry letters 报价函 Offer letters 确认函 Confirmation letters 通知函 Notification letters 允诺函 Approval letters 收款函 Collection letters 推销函 Sales letters

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商贸信函汉译英

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  1. 商贸信函汉译英

  2. 商贸信函 • 商贸信函是指利用信函的方式,通过邮政的渠道,向指定的单位或个人传达商务广告信息,以期达到一定目的信息传播活动。 • 商业信函根据内容分为两类,即广告类商业信函和账单类商业信函,账单类商业信函也可以搭载广告。

  3. 分类:按功能分类 询价函Inquiry letters 报价函Offer letters 确认函Confirmation letters 通知函Notification letters 允诺函Approval letters 收款函Collection letters 推销函Sales letters 拒绝函Refusal letters 索赔与理赔函 Claims and Adjustments letters 商贸信函的分类

  4. 商贸函电的语言特点 •   商贸函电是一种比较正式的公文体,行文端正,简练,清楚,具体,完整,具有一套独有的词汇和习语,也有独特的表达方式.在措辞上比较婉转,注重礼节,经常使用一些客套语。 • 所以,翻译时要力求作到准确、精练。

  5. 重要的三要素 • 清楚 (clarity) • 简练 (conciseness) • 礼貌 (courtesy)

  6. Clarity • 确保你的书信写得很清楚,不会产生误解。 如何解释下面一句话: • New baskets have been adopted for flowers and we are going to send them at once。 • 因此,对于所写的一切必需检查是否清楚,有一丝怀疑,就应该重写。

  7. Conciseness 简练 • 清楚和简练形影不离。简练就是以尽可能少的文字表达思想而又不牺牲清楚。 • 简练的信不一定是短信,短信可能是啰嗦的,而长信可能是简练的。

  8. Compare: • 1. We have received your letter under the date of June 6 and have given same our most careful consideration, but regret to have to inform you that your proposal is unacceptable to us at the present juncture. (Wordy) • 2. We are sorry we cannot at present agree to the proposal made in your letter of June 6. (Concise) • 力争无废话,只有必须的短语、句子。

  9. Through years of business dealing, our company has formed the practice that shirts which are exported to European countries be packed either in bales lined with polythene, each containing 50 pieces in one pattern or in plastic-lined, waterproof cartons, reinforced with metal straps.

  10. Through years of business dealing, our company has formed the following two packing practices for shirts exported to European countries. First, pack them in bales lined with polythene, each containing 50 pieces in one pattern. Second, pack them in plastic-lined, water-proof cartons, reinforced with metal straps.

  11. 礼貌 • “礼貌是做生意的润滑油,它减少摩擦”。 Courtesy is oil to business---it reduces friction. • 礼貌是写信人对读者善意的表示。读者反过来也对写信人表示善意。 Courtesy is expression of one’s good intentions towards the reader in such a way that the reader in turn expresses his or her good intentions toward the writer.

  12. 商业书信的结构(structure) (一) • 六大标准部分(Six Standard Parts): 1.信头 2.封内地址 3.称呼语 4.正文 5.结束语 6.签署

  13. 1.信头(heading section): 一般是打印好的,信头的样式多种多样,但都提供类似的信息:商行名称、地址、城市名、省名(州名)和邮政编码。有时也包括电话号码、传真号码等。 信头的最后一行下隔一行附上打印出来的日期。日期是一则最重要的信息。

  14. 2. 封内地址(inside address) 包括收信人的姓名或商行名称和地址,一般在日期下第五行从左边空白处写起。 • 例如: 1. The Eastern Seaboard Corporation 350 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 U.S.A. 2. Mr. James Parrinton Vice President The Eastern Seaboard Corporation 350 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 U.S.A.

  15. 3. 称呼语(salutation) • 称呼语应和封内地址第一行一致。 • 如封内地址写的是Mr James Parrison, 其称呼语应是“Dear Sir” 或“Dear Mr. Parrison”. • 如封内地址是“The Eastern Seaboard Corporation”,其称呼应是“Dear Sirs” 或“Gentlemen”.

  16. 4.正文 (Body) 正文是信的最重要部分。 开始写信之前必需考虑两点: 1)目的何在? 2)如何写?

  17. 5. 结束语(结束礼词) Complimentary Close 写信人向读者告别的表示,以免信结束得太突然。常用例子如下: Yours truly, Truly yours , Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours,

  18. 6.签署 Signature 商业书信的签署通常在结束礼词下空一行写上商行名称。在商行名称下留出足够的空白以便亲笔署名。在署名下打印出署名人的姓名和头衔。例: Sincerely yours, Paramont Motor Company (Pen-written signature) Charles Smith President

  19. 商业书信的结构(二) • 六个任选部分 1. 经办人 2. 参考编号 3. 事由 4. 附件 5. 再启 6. 抄送

  20. 经办人 可用attention line 把信导向某一部门或某一个人。 Attention line 写在封内地址和称呼之间。 ABC Trading Corporation 123 Broad Street London SW1 OET Britain Attention Mr. John Smith, Export Manager Gentlemen:

  21. 参考编号 (reference number) 参考编号用来涉及先前的通信。很多商行的信纸的信头中提供书写参考编号的位置。 Many letterheads provide spaces for references, e.g. Your reference: or Your ref. : Our reference: or Our ref.:

  22. 事由或标题(subject or caption) 事由或标题是一种手段,使人一看就知道这封信与什么有关。事由常写在称呼和正文之间。 Example 1: Subject: New Price List Example 2: Re: New Price List Example 3: New Price List

  23. 附件(Enclosure) 附件只是告诉收信人在信封内还有别的东西和书信放在一起。 Example 1: Enclosures/Encl./Enc.: 2 invoices Example 2: Enclosures/Encl./Enc.: 1B/L (bill of lading 提货单) 1 Photo Example 3: Enclosures 2 1. Signed policy 2.Cheque NO.345 for US$ 2,543.98

  24. 再启 (Postscript) 在使用再启时,通常在签署的最后一行以下两行的左边空白处写P.S. 再启只当做强调某信息用,不要把它用作弥补正文内容的欠周。

  25. 抄送(Carbon Copy Notation) 它告诉收信人该信的抄件将寄给其他人。在信纸左边写c.c.或cc,随后写上被抄送人的姓名或被抄送商行的名称,如: c.c. The Bank of Osaka, Kobe The Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry

  26. Seeking Friends through the Bank May 27 2008 The Manager ABC Bank of New York New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A. Dear Sir, Indian Trading Co., Ltd The subject firm(标题商号), one of our important clients, is earnestly looking for some reliable importers who, in your district, are interested in Indian textiles. The firm in question(being talked about)is doing steady export business, showing satisfactory results in overseas markets.

  27. We should be grateful to you if you would let us have some names and addresses of likely importers of good standing (信用良好的)from among your customers, together with brief credit reports(资信情况)on them. Needless to say, the reports supplied by you will be treated in strict confidence, and any expense you paid for this material will be settled by us upon receipt of your bill. Your prompt reply will be appreciated. Yours respectfully Indian Commercial Bank (Pen-written signature) J. Smith Manager

  28. Chinese Version • 标题商号是我们主要客户之一,渴望在你地区寻求几家对印度纺织品感兴趣的可靠的进口商号。 • 该商号经营出口业务稳妥,在海外市场上经营成绩良好。 • 如蒙告知你们客户中某些你们认为合适的信用良好的进口商号的名称和地址,并附来他们的资信简报,将十分感激。 • 当然你们所提供的的报告,我们一定严格保密。你们为此而付出的任何费用,一接到你们的清单,我们立即支付。 • 请迅速答复为荷。

  29. 外贸函电的英汉差异 相同:英语外贸函电常使用一些古词,如hereby由此 therefore因此 thereafter据此 whereof关于那个 hereto关于这个 汉语中有对等的翻译

  30. 不同之处:英语函电的正式文体特征体现在句式上;而汉语主要体现在词汇上:兹、本、其、鉴于、根据、若等词表示正式文体。不同之处:英语函电的正式文体特征体现在句式上;而汉语主要体现在词汇上:兹、本、其、鉴于、根据、若等词表示正式文体。 • 礼貌体现不同:汉语常常通过英语中没有的“贬己尊人准则”(您、敝公司、贵厂、敬希望等)来取得和谐的效果,而英语则通过频繁使用汉字中没有的虚拟语气、时态(am looking)等的变化来实现。

  31. 例子: • 敝公司在此敬希望贵厂能以你们一向的、、、、、、 • Ifwe could come to agreement on this, I think we could cooperate better in the near future.

  32. 翻译技巧 • 专业术语的翻译 • 翻译方法 • 文体要求 • 礼貌要求 • 其他

  33. 1专业术语的翻译 • 最主要的靠:专业背景的学习        专业词汇的积累 应注意:     装运通知 区别: Shipping advice Shipping instruction 前者系发货人给收货人 后者系收货人给发货人

  34. 确认:Acknowledge confirm 常用于确认对方来信时 We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated the 3rd inst. enclosing the above Sales Contract in duplicate… 在外贸习惯上 仅用于确认 来往电报及电传上。

  35. 包装: 散装bulk 大包bale 塑料袋polythene bag 纸盒cardboard box 纸板箱carton 黄麻袋gunny bangs 柳条箱crate Shipment FOB free on board CIF cost insurance and freight CFR C&F: cost and freight 专业术语

  36. 介词的使用 • 表索赔的原因for如claim for damage • 表索赔的金额for claim for US$10,000 • 对某批货物索赔on, claim on the goods • 向某人索赔against, against the underwriter • 成交一笔交易,离不开订单(order )销售合同(S\C)信用证(L\C)和货物(goods), 请注意这四者如何用介词连接。

  37. Covering • L\C No. …against S\C No. … • L\C No. …against Order No. … • S\C No. …against Order No. … • Goods against L\C No. … • Goods against Order No. … • Goods against S\C No. … • 顺序不可颠倒 • L\C<S\C<Order…against Under For

  38. As there is no direct sailing to your port we regret being unable to ship the goods in April. • There is no vessel sailing for Hamburg this month.

  39. 船舶驶往某目的港,应为sail to. 与leave 相同。 • Sailing n. 作名词用,意为船舶时,后跟介词to. We will ship the goods, with transshipment at Hong Kong. 在某地转船,用at…不用in.

  40. 到期:汇票到期可以说fall due\mature,但不能说expire 在信用证到期时,只能用expire You must give us your assurance that you will honor the draft when it falls due.

  41. 在商贸信函的翻译中,“忠实”必须强调“再现原文所表达的语义信息不必刻意保留原文的语言形式,而应根据译语自身的语言习惯、语法选取最贴切对等的语言表达形式”在商贸信函的翻译中,“忠实”必须强调“再现原文所表达的语义信息不必刻意保留原文的语言形式,而应根据译语自身的语言习惯、语法选取最贴切对等的语言表达形式”

  42. 用词方面 • 例一: • 本公司从事纺织品出口业务,有30多年的行业经验 1、our company deals in export of textiles and has a history of over three decades in the line. 2、we are exporters of textiles with a history of over thirty years in the line.

  43. 组句方面 • 若每年每种商品的定购数量不少于5000打,我方可以给予5%的特别折扣。贷款须凭借不可撤销的即期信用证支付。 1、upon annual purchases of each item not less than 5000 dozen, we will make you a special discount of 5%. Payment is to be made by irrevocable L\C at sight.

  44. 2.upon annual purchases of each item not less than 5000 dozen, we will make you a special discount of 5% with payment to be made by irrevocable L\C at sight. • 练习:我方将用“济南”号货轮装运第122号合同项下的货物,该货轮定于5月5日前后从本港驶往贵港。 We shall ship Contract No.122 by s.s. “jinan” due to sail for your port on or about May 5.

  45. 语气方面 • Enclosed please find our latest catalogue and price list for the items we are handling. • 随函附上本公司目前经营的商品的最新目录和价目表,敬请查收。(信息焦点)

  46. 叙事视角和称谓问题 • 语用学的观点: • 英汉译文的叙事人称并不一致,亦即叙事视角不一致。通常,对于汉语的第二人称叙事,英译文或采用被动语态叙事或以第三人称全知视角叙事或采用第一人称缓和法间接说明问题,令外贸交往的空间更为广阔,更加利于合作和人际交往。

  47. 贵方犯了一个非常大意的错误。 • A very careless mistake was made. • 贵方似乎早应办完该项手续。 • It seems to us that you should have done it. • 贵方建议恐怕令人难以接受。 • We are afraid that we cannot agree to your proposal.

  48.  文体要求 • 周兆祥、范志伟于2003年在《中国翻译》上发表“财经翻译漫谈”中对提升水平提出建议,即用“近文言体”quasi-ancient Chinese style 进行外贸函电的翻译。 • 以下提供一些外贸函电的常用套语及其汉译:

  49. We have pleasure in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products. • 欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。 • We thank you for all past favor and we are always at your service. • 谢谢贵方以往的惠顾,并盼总能为您效劳。

  50. Punctual shipment can be ensured provided we receive the covering L\C not later than… • 若有关信用证不迟于......到达我方,可保证准时装船。 • Claims which fall within the responsibility of parties other than the supplier will not be accepted by us. • 非供货方责任的索赔,我们不予受理。

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