BIOMEDICAL DEVICES A MULTI/INTER-DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT

1. BIOMEDICAL DEVICESA MULTI/INTER-DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT Effective treatments of patient health problems are often limited by devices, technologies and medications currently available. Breakthroughs are needed! Biology, chemistry and physics inform both medicine and engineering. Engineering applies controlled experimentation and physical-mathematical modeling to conceptualize, design, fabricate andlab-test prototype devices. Collaborations with industry lead to the development, fabrication and clinical testing of ‘final’ human-compatible biomedical devices. The work requires multi/interdisciplinary teams of specialists working collaboratively to generate (i) devices that cure disease and save lives and, possibly, (ii) valuable intellectual property.

2. PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION • Provide some examples of ongoing biomedical device work in engineering • Motivate medical and engineering folks to seek each other out to: • Identify and analyze the limitations and grand challenges facing medicine and/or engineering in order to make needed breakthroughstogether • Identify and resolve any barriers or impediments to productive collaborations • Identify and seek funding in support of research collaborations • Collectively approach the SEAS and SoM administration for strong support of these efforts

3. Houston Wood, Paul Allaire, Alex Untaroiu hwood@virginia.edu University of Virginia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering UVa Artificial Heart Project

4. UVa Artificial Heart Project Project Objective Houston Wood, Paul Allaire, Alex Untaroiu • Design a compact, axial flow Ventricular Assist Device with magnetically levitated impeller Aorta • physiological pressures and flow rates • suitable in size for implantation • streamlined, unobstructed flow path • minimal propensity for red blood cell damage (low hemolysis) • reduced likelihood of blood stagnation - coagulation (thrombosis) LV RV Left Ventricular Assist Device

5. George T. Gillies, Joseph A. C. Humphrey • Biophysical Modeling of Flows within the Brain School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Virginia gtg@virginia.edu, jach@virginia.edu

7. Blood Flow By-Pass CatheterHumphrey and Gillies in collaboration with Drs. L. Gimple and M. Ragosta Applications: (i) thrombi (PVD) (ii) restenosis (iii) plaque passivation (iv) improved imaging Schematic shows two renderings of a double-lumen bypass device designed to divert the flow of blood (red) approaching a thrombus or other lesion (purple) while dispensing a stream with medication (blue) to a thrombus (or other lesion) at controlled flow rates independently of the flow of blood.

8. Blood Flow By-Pass CatheterHumphrey and Gillies in collaboration with Drs. L. Gimple and M. Ragosta Ultimate objective is the ‘on-the-spot’ fabrication of catheters using a research methodology that combines: (i) geometrically- and dynamically-scaled experiments (ii) computational fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer (iii) genetic algorithms for randomly-guided optimization (iv) micro-fabrication techniques to evolve optimal, patient-specific devices

9. Novel Access Device for Femoral Artery Catheterization Michael Ragosta, M.D. – Concept and Clinical Need Scott Lim, M.D. – Design Guidance Srijoy Mahapatra, M.D. – Design Oversight George T. Gillies, Ph.D. – Prototype Development SOM-Cardiology/SEAS-MAE Problem: Percutaneous puncture of femoral artery is inexact and may result in access of a side branch potentially leading to a complication. Potential solution: Need a method to allow an injection of contrast while maintaining a method to introduce a guide wire and the system should be small enough so that repositioning the needle will be easy and not cause bleeding Concept to prototype time: 6 weeks! Device fabricated using only FDA-approved components.

10. Counter-Current Fluid-Fluid Flows Mixer C2F3MHumphrey (in collaboration with Landers’ lab, Chemistry) On demand mixing: Two counter-flowing streams meet in the open space between a pair of separation plates where they split in the presence of pressure and shear forces that induce good mixing. This mix-and-split feature of the single unit has been built into a multi-unit prototype mixer. Applications range from small (sub-mm) to large (dm) devices.

11. Counter-Current Fluid-Fluid Flows Mixer C2F3MHumphrey (in collaboration with Landers, Chemistry) Entering clear stream (bottom channel) Exiting mixed streams Entering dyed stream (top channel)

12. Gregory J. Gerling, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Systems & Information Engineering University of Virginia gregory-gerling@virginia.edu General Research Interests: • Computational neuroscience for understanding touch • Human-computer interaction for medical simulation and training (design, prototyping, evaluation) • Human performance modeling • Decision support systems and automated control • Biomechanics, sensory rehabilitation and restoration

13. Virginia Prostate Exam Simulatorwith Dr. Marcus Martin, Emergency Medicine & Reba Moyer Childress, Nursing Our central premise is that simulators, to be useful, must monitor and provide feedback on trainees’ technique, facilitate the training experience via augmented feedback, and utilize a range of graded practice scenarios that accurately reflect disease progression. Simulators with Corresponding Disease State Representations

14. Simulation Framework for Training Chest Tube Insertion Using Virtual Reality and Force Feedback with Dr. Marcus Martin, Emergency Medicine & Reba Moyer Childress, Nursing • Simulation of the chest tube insertion procedure • Utilizes force feedback • Teaches cognitive tasks and info management • 18 procedural steps broken into 6 major tasks • Status / Navigation Aids Post perform-ance report

15. Secure Mobile Computing Using BiotelemetricsBen Calhoun (ECE), Travis Blalock (ECE), and Alfred Weaver (CS) • Goal: develop a low-power integrated circuit with a biometric sensor, microcontroller, and radio • Chip attaches to body like a Band-Aid • Collects biometric data, performs some local processing, and transmits data over a wireless channel to a mobile device, e.g., PDA or laptop • Initially we are using a heart rate sensor, Bluetooth, and an HP iPAQ PDA • Ultimately the chip will be powered using energy-scavenging from the body, and will support additional sensors • We will be able to export the biometric signal over the Internet—securely—to anywhere in the world • Prototype using discrete logic is currently operational • First IC expected spring 2008