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From Oil to Physiology: Anaerobes, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur and Iron

From Oil to Physiology: Anaerobes, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur and Iron. With respect for Georgii Aleksandrovich Zavarzin. _. _. NO 3. NO 2. Microbiology. кто ? где ? как ?. S. H 2 S. CH 4. _. _. NO 3. NO 2. Microbiology. Basic + Applied. Basic. Applied. кто ? где ? как ?. S.

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From Oil to Physiology: Anaerobes, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur and Iron

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  1. From Oil to Physiology: Anaerobes, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur and Iron With respect forGeorgii Aleksandrovich Zavarzin

  2. _ _ NO3 NO2 Microbiology кто? где? как? S H2S CH4

  3. _ _ NO3 NO2 Microbiology Basic+Applied Basic Applied кто? где? как? S H2S CH4

  4. _ _ NO3 NO2 Microbiology Basic+Applied Basic Applied £ ¥ кто? где? как? € Руб $ S H2S CH4

  5. Microbiology for ... Food Water Health

  6. Microbiology for ... Food Water Health Cu, Sn, ... Nd ... ? Raw materials Energy

  7. C6H12O6 CH3CH2OH CH4

  8. Average110 W / m2 Losses CH4 ≤ 1 W / m2 (Efficiency: <1%)

  9. Sea 0.3 mM O2 28 mM SO42 SO42  H2S Pipeline SO42  H2S

  10. Processing O i l Water From oil field

  11. Processing H2S O i l Water From oil field

  12. from Postgate (1984)

  13. from Postgate (1984) Oil Water Water

  14. from Postgate (1984) Oil Water Water H2S Oil Water FeS Water Fe(II)

  15. How ?

  16. Sea 0.3 mM O2 28 mM SO42 SO42  H2S Pipeline SO42  H2S Who causes the infection? Isolate!

  17. Hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms

  18. Anoxicchamber ... helps, but not really necessary

  19. Modified Hungate technique Cotton Liquid hydrocarbon Medium N2, CO2, etc.

  20. Modified Hungate technique Cotton Liquid hydrocarbon Medium N2, CO2, etc.

  21. Liquid hydrocarbon Medium Medium

  22. Liquidenrichmentculture 106 dilution Incubation Medium with agar

  23. N2 Liquidenrichmentculture 106 dilution Incubation What you expect Medium with agar

  24. N2 Liquidenrichmentculture 106 dilution Incubation What you get Medium with agar

  25. „Colonies!!“

  26. Liquidpureculture

  27. Pure cultures CO2 << NO3N2 SO42H2S

  28. COO COO COO COO Toluene-degrading Alkane-degrading COO COO COO COO CO2 CO2 Heider & colleagues

  29. COO COO COO COO COO COO Toluene-degrading Alkane-degrading COO COO COO COO COO COO CO2 CO2 Heider & colleagues

  30. 28 mM SO42 Millions of years ago Today

  31. Seawater: 0.3 mM O228 mM SO42 Oil O2 20% CO2 H2O

  32. 2 SO4 Seawater: 0.3 mM O228 mM SO42 Oil O2 20% CO2 H2O Oil 20% CO2 H2S

  33. T h a n k s t o . . . Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen: Ralf Rabus (now University of Oldenburg) Aleksandr Galouchko Florin Musat Olaf Kniemeyer ... and others GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam: Heinz Wilkes

  34. Microbial iron corrosion

  35. 1.4 1.2 1.0 World production 109 t a1 0.8 Fe 0.6 0.4 0.2 Al Cr Cu 0.0

  36. from Postgate (1984)

  37. Reducing ESHE Oxidizing 0 2 11 12 13 14 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH

  38.  1.0  0.8 Reducing  0.6  0.4  0.2 ESHE [V] 0.0 + 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.8 Oxidizing + 1.0 + 1.2 0 2 11 12 13 14 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH

  39.  1.0 Fe0  0.8 Reducing  0.6 Fe(OH)2  0.4  0.2 ESHE [V] 0.0 Fe2+ + 0.2 + 0.4 Fe(OH)3 + 0.6 + 0.8 Oxidizing + 1.0 Fe3+ + 1.2 0 2 11 12 13 14 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH

  40.  1.0 Fe0  0.8 Reducing  0.6 Fe(OH)2  0.4 H2O  0.2 ESHE [V] 0.0 Fe2+ + 0.2 + 0.4 Fe(OH)3 + 0.6 + 0.8 Oxidizing + 1.0 Fe3+ + 1.2 0 2 11 12 13 14 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH

  41.  1.0 H2 Fe0  0.8 H2 Reducing H2  0.6 Fe(OH)2 H2  0.4 H2O H2  0.2 ESHE [V] 0.0 Fe2+ + 0.2 + 0.4 Fe(OH)3 + 0.6 O2 + 0.8 Oxidizing O2 O2 + 1.0 Fe3+ O2 O2 + 1.2 0 2 11 12 13 14 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH

  42. Iron Air Oil ( a n o x i c ) Water Soil Isolation: Corg , H2 CO2 2 SO4 H2S Sulfate-reducing bacteria: Desulfovibrio

  43. a) Indirect mechanism (organotrophic) Organiccompounds CO2 SO42 H2S Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe

  44. a) Indirect mechanism (organotrophic) Organiccompounds CO2 SO42 H2S H2 H2 FeS H2 H2 Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe

  45. a) Indirect mechanism (organotrophic) 2 CH2O 2 CO2 , 2 H2O SO42 H2S H2 FeS Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe

  46. b) Direct mechanism (lithotrophic) 4 Fe2+ 4 Fe Fe Fe Fe 8 e Fe Fe Fe Fe

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