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The tundra, located exclusively in the northern hemisphere, covers approximately 10% of Earth's surface. This unique biome is characterized by extreme cold, with temperatures rarely exceeding 10°C (40°F) and receiving less than 25 cm of precipitation annually. The soil features a thin active layer for plant growth above perpetual permafrost, making tundra ecosystems fragile due to their low biodiversity. Vegetation consists of low-growing plants with shallow roots, while animal life includes migratory birds and large mammals like caribou, with permanent residents such as foxes and wolves.
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A. Characteristics/Climate 1. Only found in the northern hemisphere 2. Make up 10 % of the Earth 3. Very unstable because of a lack of biodiversity 4. Receive less than 25 cm of rain
5. Rarely above 10 C (40 F) a. This is the tundra’s limiting factor 6. The soil has an active zone of 8cm deep to grow in 7. Below that it is always frozen= permafrost 8. Slow growth is why it is fragile
Organisms 1. Plants a. Close to the ground with shallow roots b. Trees are 1 meter tall or less 1. Dwarfed by the cold
2. Animals a. Mostly migratory b. Birds and large mammals during the summer 1. Feed on mosquitos and plants 2. Caribou main food are lichens a. Dieing b/c lichens are dieing c. Permanent residents are foxes bears, wolves wolverines oxen and hares
