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BOLOGNA PROCESS IN CROATIA PATH TO KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Prof. dr. sc. Dražen Vikić-Topić

This scientific conference with international participation explores how Croatia is promoting education, science, and technology to develop a knowledge-based economy. The focus is on reforms in the educational system and fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and government.

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BOLOGNA PROCESS IN CROATIA PATH TO KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Prof. dr. sc. Dražen Vikić-Topić

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  1. BOLOGNA PROCESS IN CROATIA PATH TO KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY Prof. dr. sc. Dražen Vikić-Topić State Secretary for Science and Technology Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia Scientific Conference with the International Participation Engineering Education The Bologna Process"3 years later“ Zagreb, November 8-10, 2007

  2. Knowledge-based Society Knowledge-based Economy

  3. Education Science Technology Innovations Promote & foster

  4. “a small country with great knowledge” Visionof Croatia

  5. Making education and research a priority on the political agenda

  6. a new culture of collaboration and partnership among academic community, industry and state administration One has to establish

  7. a multiculturalism in communication based on trust and credibility as a platform for long range mutual commitments of academia, industry and administration To develop

  8. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN CROATIA

  9. Reform of Primary Education - HNOS (Croatian National Educational Standard) Compulsory High School Education State Exam in High Schools (Matura) Reforms of educational system (1)

  10. Reform of Vocational Studies Bologna Process – Improving of Tertiary Education and Reform of Doctorial Studies Agency for Adult Education, May 2006 Reforms of educational system (2)

  11. Law on Adult Education, Feb 2007 Center for Mobility and EU Programmes (Longlife Learning,YOUTH, ERASMUS, LEONARDO), May 2007 National Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes, in 2007 Reforms of educational system (3)

  12. Universities 7 Public Institutes 26 Research Centers in Industry 11 Academies 3 Schools of Professional HE 20 (9+11) Polytechnics 10 Other Scientific Entities 50 Military Research Centers 1 Technology Centers 5 Higher education, science & technology institutions in Croatia

  13. Public sector 8,619 Industry (Public and Private) and SMS 3,679 Retirement 2,325 Total 14,623 Number of M.Sc./Ph.D. in Croatia

  14. Education and STI strategic documents

  15. MSES BUDGET, 2003 – 2007

  16. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY 2006 – 2010 • Loan from World Bank • for • Science & Technology Project • € 31 mil.

  17. Main Goals Increasing investments into research and development and the increase of their efficiency Restructuring Croatia's science system Strengthening cooperation between science, government and industry in creation of new knowledge and goods Increasing participation of Croatian scientists and other entities in EU Framework Programs Science & Technology Policy of the Republic of Croatia 2006-2010

  18. adopted by the the National Science Council policy document setting out short-term and long-term priorities in S&T SHORT-TERM PRIORITIES (2006 -2008) Environment(Adriatic & Karst Region) Health(Food & Biotechnology) Energy and materials(Renewable Sources & Bionanomaterials) Croatian identity(Contribution to Culture, Croatian Language) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY2006 - 2010

  19. Knowledge-driven Basic Research Environment Protection and Economy, Develompment of Karst Regions, Adriatic Coast, Sea and Islands Agriculture, Biotechnology, Food Health Information and Communication Technologies Nanoscience, New materials, Constructions and New Production Processes Energy:Alternative and Renewable Energy Resources, Transport, Security Social and Human Sciencies Social Integration, Pedagogics and Education, Lifelong (Permanent) Learning LONG-TERM PRIORITIES OF CROATIAN S&T (up to 2010)

  20. HITRA TEST-Transfer of Technology (Types of projects: TP, STIRP, JEZGRA) (HIT Ltd.) RAZUM-Development of Konwledge-Based Firms (Commercialization, Start-ups / Spin-offs) (BICRO Ltd.) Technology in Croatia

  21. Technology and Innovation Centers 5 Centers (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Ston & Osijek) HIT, Ltd. (TEST) (Croatian Institute of Technology) BICRO, Ltd. (RAZUM) (Business Innovation Center of Croatia) Instruments for Technological Development

  22. Regional Competitiveness OP 2007-2013 Measure 2: Technology Transfer and Support Services for Knowledge-based Starts-ups 1. Science and Innovation Investment Fund (IPA: 4.5 mil. EUR, Croatia / MSES: 1.5 mil. EUR) 2. Biosciences Technology Commercialisation & Incubation Centre (IPA: 6 mil. EUR, Croatia / MSES: 2 mil. EUR) Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)

  23. Represents the main framework of activities in science, research and innovation on European level, and is the third largest item in EU budget: €17.5 billion. 2002-2005 Croatia participates as a “third country”. 1 January 2006: Croatia became full member of FP6. Membership fee for 2006 is ca. € 6.6 million (around 50% was covered by pre-accession funds PHARE. Croatia direct participation was ca. €3.2 million). Till now Croatian scientists participate in 95 projects, of approx. value of ca. €10 million. Sixth Framework Programme(2002-2006)

  24. FRANO BARBIR, Ph. D. – Split (University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA) DR.SC. DRAŽEN ZANCHI, Ph. D. – Split(Université Denis Diderot – Paris 7, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Énérgies, France) IVAN KOLOVRAT, DESIGNER - Split(Fachhochschule Wiesbaden, Germany) VEDRAN DELETIS, Ph. D. – Split (St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York, USA) ZLATKO PLEŠE, Ph. D. – Zagreb (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA) MARIO GRČEVIĆ, Ph. D. – Zagreb(Universität Mannheim, Germany) VLADIMIR DAVID, Ph. D. – Zagreb(University of New England, Armidale, Australia) MLADEN PETRAVIĆ, Ph. D. – Rijeka(Australian National University, Canberra, Australia) ŽELJKO JERIČEVIĆ, Ph. D. – Rijeka(Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA) VIKTOR SUČIĆ, Ph. D. – Rijeka (Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia) BISERKA MULAC-JERIČEVIĆ, Ph. D. – Rijeka(Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA) MILAN SAK-BOSNAR, Ph. D. – Osijek (University of Applied Science Waedenswill, Switzerland) DAMIR ĆAVAR, Ph. D. – Zadar(Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA) IVAN POLJAKOVIĆ, Ph. D. – Zadar(University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand) DARIO KREŠIĆ, Ph. D. – Dubrovnik (Technische Universität München, Germany) Return of Croatian scientists fromabroad (64 till now from 2004)

  25. Within STP (Science and Technology Project) loan that Croatia signed in 2006 with the World Bank, a fund called "UnityThrough Knowledge" is being established. "Unity Through Knowledge" Fund (ca.€5.0 million) wasconceived with a purpose to enable scientific and research work in Croatia for Croatian scientists and researchers working abroad, as well as to enable their return to Croatia. The Fund will support four activities: Encourage Croatian diaspora to do science research in Croatia; Establish a network of Croatian scientificdiaspora; Short visits of prominent Croatian researchers to Croatia; Encourage Croatian diaspora to establish new commercial companies for advanced technology in Croatia. Unity Through Knowledge

  26. INVESTMENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION In the period 2003 – 2007 the budget for higher education has been increased by €100 million or 46.4%. • Since 2003, €108 million has been secured for capital investments and construction of new university campuses is in progress in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Zadar, Osijek, Dubrovnik and Mostar. Total investments in these projects amount to €270 million. • The Ministry has secured the possibility to use subsidized building loans. So far 1,903 loans have been approved, and in May 2006 the Ministry has secured resources for additional 700 loans. • The Ministry has levered the usual interest rate of over 6% to 4.4% and 4.9%. The user pays only 1.7% interest, while the Ministry subsidizes the rest. So far, €4.5 million has been paid for the subsidy.

  27. Amending higher education legislation in Croatia Achievements and steps ahead

  28. Croatia passed the new Act on Scientific Activity and Higher Education in 2003 (amended in 2004 and 2007) Introduction and implementation of the Bologna Process Lump sum (block grant) financing of universities Suspension veto power for student representatives Tax reductions for investments in science and higher education (2007 amendments) Intermediary bodies (councils, agencies, committees) Functional integration of universities Binary system of higher education (division between university and professional programmes) Higher education Act

  29. Passed in October 2007 - outlines the rules for establishing equivalence between the old and the new degrees Old 4-year degrees equivalent to second-cycle degree These degreesallowed access to PhD programmesand in reality required almost 5 years of full-time work Old 3-year degrees equivalent to first-cycle degree Old 2-year degrees’ equivalence will be determined based on rules set by the Rectors’ Council and the Council of Polytechnics and Schools of Professional Higher Education Equivalence will be based on the students’ expected learning outcomes in particular programmes Academic and professional titles Act

  30. Traditionally, graduates in technical sciences were called engineers At the beginning of Bologna Process in Croatia the technical higher education institutions asked that titles for technical graduates be bachelor/master However, it was noticed that the absence of the title “engineer” could be a setback in the labour market The new Act therefore includes both the titles bachelor/master and the title engineer: eg. Sveučilišni prvostupnik inženjer geodezije Which could translate similar to: University Bachelor Engineer of Geodesy Academic titles of graduatesin technical sciences

  31. New Act on Student Council and other Student Organizations passed in 2007 Students were majority in the act drafting committee Student Council is autonomous in establishing its internal governance Student ombudsman Greater accountability for the state funds that are provided to the Student Council Student representation Act

  32. December 2006 Law cannot prescribe final date of legal integration of universities Law cannot prescribe that only polytechnics and schools of professional higher education deliver professional study programmes New initiatives: Goal of functional integration of universities still valid Ministry communicates with rectorates directly Strengthening of polytechnics and schools of professional higher education (funding, equipment, staff, young teachers) Constitutional Court decisions

  33. The legal framework was successfully established Implementation mechanisms were developed in parallel Establishment of relevant agencies: Agency for Science and Higher Education (2004), Agency for Adult Education (2006), Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes (October 2007) External evaluation of all study programmes performed in 2005 Internal quality assurance is being strengthened in higher education institutions Large increase in resourcing of higher education (funding, staff, infrastructure) Bologna implementation (1)

  34. Polycentric development of higher education - establishment of new higher education institutions University of Pula Five polytechnics: Knin, Vukovar, Gospić, Šibenik, Slavonski Brod One school of Professional Higher Education – in Virovitica New system of recognition of foreign higher education qualifications Bologna 2007 Stocktaking report graded Croatian Bologna Process with grade 4.1 (up from 3.0 in 2005) The Croatian Government passed the Baseline for the Croatian Qualifications Framework in July 2007 Bologna implementation (2)

  35. Strengthening of Agency for Science and Higher Education in its quality assurance role Accreditation and empowering of the Agency for Mobility and EU programmes Reform of the system of tuition fees Strengthening of capacity for lump sum implementation Further development of the Croatian qualifications framework Strengthening student participation in higher education governance at national, university and constituency levels Further improvement of study programmes Steps ahead

  36. What are the new competences that ministries must have? How can the number of students in engineering be increased? How to assure interdisciplinary approach in engineering education in university context? How to balance higher education autonomy and accountability (e.g. Quality assurance?) Does university have autonomy : in governance and management? (Yes?) in quality assurance? (Yes but what about external quality evaluation?) in programme development? (Yes but what role for students?) in funding? (Yes: lump sum funding. BUT issues concerning private funding, state initiatives, tuition fee caps have to be addressed) Role of students in academic community? Consumers? Equal members of academic community? Questions to consider

  37. STRATEGIC GOAL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION “The Union shall become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010, capable of sustainable economicgrowth with more and better jobs and greatersocial cohesion.” – Lisbon strategy, 2000 STRATEGIC GOAL OF CROATIA “To transform Croatia into a knowledge-based society and to make Croatian science and educationsector the most competitive in this part of Europeby 2010.” – Croatian Medical Journal 2006; 47:809 – 24

  38. Thank you! • Web: www.mzos.hr • Phone: 00385/1/4569-000 • E-mail:ured@mzos.hr • Address: Trg hrvatskih velikana 6 HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia

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