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Blood pressure measurement by mercury sphygmomanometer - background information

Blood pressure measurement by mercury sphygmomanometer - background information. EHES Training Material. Hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor. What is blood pressure?. Systolic blood pressure (higher value), represents the pressure while the heart contracts to pump blood to the body

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Blood pressure measurement by mercury sphygmomanometer - background information

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  1. Blood pressure measurement by mercury sphygmomanometer- background information EHES Training Material

  2. Hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor

  3. What is blood pressure? • Systolic blood pressure (higher value), represents the pressure while the heart contracts to pump blood to the body • First appearance of a clear repetitive sounds (Phase I) • Diastolic blood pressure (lower value), represents the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats • Disappearance of the repetitive sounds (Phase V)

  4. Risk factors of elevated blood pressure • Salt intake • Obesity • Alcohol use • Sedentary lifestyle • Smoking • Fat contents of the food

  5. Factors affecting blood pressure levels • Measurement environment • Noise, temperature • Factors related to the participant • Factors related to the measurer • Measurement device • Cuff size

  6. Factors related to the participant • Emotions – white coat hypertension • Exercise • Eating before measurement • Smoking • Use of caffeine containing drinks • Alcohol use • Full bladder • Pain • Daily variation • Medication

  7. Average magnitude of the effects (1/3)

  8. Average magnitude of the effects (2/3)

  9. Average magnitude of the effects (3/3)

  10. Three categories of observer error • Systematic error that leads to both intra-observer and inter-observer error • Terminal digit preference, which results in the observer rounding of the pressure reading to a digit of his or her choosing, most often to zero • Observer prejudice or bias, whereby the observer adjust the pressure to meet his or her preconceived notion of what the pressure should be Rose G et al. Lancet 1965; 1: 673-4

  11. Acknowledgements • Slides • Hanna Tolonen

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