TRANSAKSI DAN E-DAGANG

1. Bab 5 TRANSAKSI DAN E-DAGANG

2. E-Dagang • E-Perniagaan • Perdagangan bergerak (Mobile Commerce) • Pertukaran Data Elektronik • Mekanisme Pembayaran

3. Internet • Rangkaian luas sedunia yg menggunakan model pengkomputeran pelayan/pelanggan dan model rujukan TCP/IP • Merupakan cara yang berkesan bagi individu dan organisasi utk menawarkan maklumat dan produk melalui antaramuka pengguna grafik web mudah guna diseluruh dunia

4. Faedah Internet kepada Organisasi • Kebersambungan dan capaian global • Mengurangkan kos komunikasi • Kos urusniaga yang lebih rendah • Mengurangkan kos agensi • Interaktif, anjal, dan penyesuaian • Mempercepatkan pengedaran pengetahuan

5. Internet & Perdagangan Elektronik • Internet menyediakan satu set teknologi yg sedia ada untuk perdagangan elektronik yg boleh digunakan utk mewujudkan laman-laman baru bagi pasaran, jualan dan sokongan pelanggan dan menghapuskan orang tengah semasa urusan jual beli.

6. Model-model Perniagaan Internet

7. E-Commerce

8. E-Commerce • Doing business online • The online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for products & services transacted on internetworked, global marketplaces of customers, with the support of a worldwide network of business partners. • More than on-line shopping, encompasses other business activities

9. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Categories of Electronic Commerce • Business-to-customer (B2C): Retailing of products and services directly to individual customers • Business-to-business (B2B): Sales of goods and services among businesses • Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): Individuals use Web for private sales or exchange

10. B2C • Location is not a factor • Must build customer satisfaction, loyalty, & relationships • Success factors • Selection and value • Offer a good selection of attractive products and services • Build a reputation for high quality, guaranteed satisfaction, and top customer support • Performance and service • Site must be efficiently designed for ease of access, shopping, and buying • Service must be friendly and helpful

11. B2C • Success factors • Look and feel • Attractive storefront, shopping areas, and multimedia product catalogs • Advertising and incentives • Targeted, personalized ads • Incentives include • Coupons, Discounts, Special offers, Vouchers for other web services • Personal attention • Encourages customers to buy and make return visits • Welcomed by name, Greeted with special offers • Guided to the parts of the site that you are most interested in • Relationship building

12. B2C • Success factors • Community relationship • a feeling of belonging to a unique community • Virtual communities • Discussion forums, Newsgroups, Chat rooms, Message boards • Cross-links to related web communities • Security and reliability • Customers must feel confident regarding the security of their… • Credit card, Personal information, Transaction details • Must feel that you are dealing with a trustworthy business. • Reliability: information asymmetry

13. B2B • The wholesale and supply side of the commercial process • Businesses buy, sell, or trade with other businesses • Includes… • Electronic data interchange • Electronic funds transfer

14. Distributor Retailer Manufacturer Customer $48.50 Manufacturer Retailer Customer $40.34 Manufacturer Customer $20.45 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Benefits to the Consumer Cost/ Sweater

15. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Electronic Commerce Information Flows

16. E-Commerce Revenue Model • How is google making money? • How is yahoo making money? • How is amazon.com making money? • How is 50below.com making money?

18. E-business

19. E BUSINESS • The use of nearly any information technologies or systems to support the business. • The use of Internet technologies to internetwork and empower business processes, Electronic commerce, and, Enterprise communication & collaboration within a company & with its customers, suppliers, & other business stakeholders. • Is not synonymous with e-commerce. It is much broader in scope, going beyond transactions to signify the use of the internet. Any type of business activities.

20. Benefits of Intranet • Connectivity: accessible from most computing platforms • Can be tied to internal corporate systems and core transaction databases • Can create interactive applications • Scalable to larger or smaller computing platforms

21. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Benefits of Intranets • Easy-to-use, universal Web interface • Low start-up costs • Richer, more responsive information environment • Reduced information distribution costs

22. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Functional Applications of Intranet • Finance and accounting • Human resources • Sales and marketing • Manufacturing and production

23. Figure 4-8 ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Functional Applications of Intranets

24. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Finance and Accounting • General ledger reporting • Project costing • Annual reports • Budgeting

25. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Human Resources Company • On-line publishing of corporate policy • Job postings and internal job transfers • Company telephone directories, and training Employees • Healthcare • Employee savings • Competency tests

26. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Sales and Marketing • Competitor analysis • Price updates • Promotional campaigns • Sales presentations • Sales contracts

27. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Manufacturing and Production • Quality measurements • Maintenance schedules • Design specifications • Machine outputs • Order tracking

28. Mobile Commerce

29. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE M-Commerce and Next Generation Marketing • Mobile commerce (m-commerce): • Wireless devices used to conduct both business-to-consumer and business-to-business e-commerce transactions over the Internet • Extend personalization by delivering new value-added services directly to customers at any time and place

30. Figure 4-4 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Customer Personalization

31. Electronic Data Interchange

32. Electronic Data Interchange • Enables the computer-to computer exchange between two organizations of standard transaction • Examples: • Transactions are through the network, eliminating the printing and handling of paper at one end and the inputting of data at the other

33. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Business-To-Business Electronic Commerce • Automation of purchase, sale transactions • from business to business • Private industrial networks (private exchanges): Coordination between companies for efficient supply chain management and collaborative activities • The network is owned by the buyer and it permits the firm and designated suppliers, distributors and others business partners to share product design and development, marketing and others

34. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE A Private Industrial Network Figure 4-5

35. Net marketplaces: On-line marketplaces, point-to-point connections, integrated information • Also called e-hubs : provide a single digital marketplace based on Internet technology for many different buyers and sellers • more transaction oriented than private industrial network, generating revenue from purchase and sale transactions and other services provided to clients

36. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE A Net Marketplace Figure 4-6

37. Electronic Payment Processes

38. Electronic Payment Processes • Processes are complex • Near anonymous nature of transactions • Security issues • Wide variety of debit and credit alternatives • Wide variety of financial institutions and intermediaries • Web payment processes • Credit cards • Purchase orders • Electronic shopping chart

39. Electronic Payment Processes • Electronic funds transfer (EFT) • Uses a variety of IT to capture and process money and credit transfers between banks and businesses and their customers • ATMs • Pay-by-phone • Web-based • PayPal & Bill Point (cash transfers) • CheckFree and PayTrust (automatic bill paying services) • Electronic bill payment • Point-of-sale terminals linked to bank EFT systems

40. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Electronic Commerce Payment Systems

41. Introduction • What is Enterprise Information Portal? • Benefit • CIGNA.com Enterprise Portal • About CIGNA • Benefits • Recommendation

42. Introduction • What is Enterprise Information Portal? • The Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) is a concept for a Web site that serves as a single gateway to a company's information and knowledge base for employees and possibly for customers, business partners, and the general public as well • In one model, an EIP is made up of these elements: • Access/Search, • Categorization, • Collaboration, • Personalization, • Expertise and profiling, • Application integration, • Security

43. Benefits of Portals • Increase Productivity and Efficiency • Integrate information and applications in central location with single and simple User Interface (UI). • Eliminate info glut through centralized organization and clean presentation. • Speed revisioning, improve time-to-market through closer collaboration. • Increase Employee Satisfaction • Provide self-service access to benefits info, company news, employee directory, training, IT helpdesk, travel booking; • Find information fast — better UI, personalization. • Improve Communication and Collaboration • Cost-effective platform for corporate communications, company/industry news; • Speed decision-making, work across functions and geographies; • Eliminate redundant processes, preventable mistakes.

44. Benefits of Portals • Reduce Costs • Reduce demands on IT, administrative costs of redundant processes; • Save money from printing and distribution by publishing directly to the intranet; • Roll out new applications and services faster without associated training costs. • Create New Revenue Opportunities • Build and foster customer relationships; • Increase sales through new direct channel; • Offer "sticky" services that build loyalty within existing customer base

45. About CIGNA.com • CIGNA was formed in 1982 through the combination of INA Corporation and Connecticut General Corporation. Our name mixes the letters INA and CG together. Today, CIGNA's service mark, the Tree of Life, symbolizes the corporation's culture, mission and products. Like a strong and healthy tree, CIGNA has deep roots • For more than 125 years, the CIGNA companies have been helping people lead healthier, more secure lives. CIGNA Corporation's subsidiaries are leading providers of employee benefits in the United States. Their products and services include managed and indemnity health care coverage; group life, accident and disability insurance; retirement services; and investment management. They also offer life insurance and employee benefits in selected international markets.

46. CIGNA.com

47. Benefits of CIGNA.com • Improved Customer Satisfaction • With the personalization and self-service capabilities of the portal, CIGNA plan participants can manage their retirement plans and access their health care information online. • Instantly review medical and dental claims to better manage their health plans • Perform online transactions, such as ordering medications or choosing a doctor • Manage their retirement and investment accounts, including view balance details, move 401(k) funds between accounts and change contributions • Access a consolidated, interactive snapshot of their investment plans • Receive personalized health and investment

48. Questions

49. Thanks You