University M&O Personnel

1. University M&O Personnel • University with major hardware responsibility at CERN • Based on > 10 years of US Zeus experience • Ph.D. Physicists (2) • Responsible for daily hardware operations • Calibration, monitoring, analysis, diagnostics, repairs, test facilities • Work with, supervise and train students on hardware duties • Coordination with rest of experiment • Physics Analysis and supervision of student physics analyses • Studies, R&D and eventual work on upgrades • Students (6) • Beginning (2) • Learning, serve on hardware shifts • Intermediate (2) • Responsible for hardware shifts, begin physics analysis • Senior (2) • Released for thesis work, available for consultation, assistance, shifts • Graduated: Next generation of LHC Postdocs

2. LHC Upgrades • 2010-2015: SLHC • Increase Luminosity x 10 to 1035 • Decrease Bunch Crossing Interval x2 to 12.5 ns • Detector changes & performance studied for this. • >2015: Energy Upgrade? • Increase LHC beam energy to 14 TeV (Ecm = 28 TeV) • Replace LHC dipoles: magnets with a nominal dipole field btw. 16.0 and 16.5 T, would provide 1-2 T safety • Equip SPS with superconducting magnets & inject into LHC at 1 TeV • Long term future for the program

3. SLHC Physics - I • Electroweak: • 4 gauge boson final states & triple boson production in boson-boson fusion observable • Test of quintuple couplings (vanish in SM) • Measure Triple, Quadruple Gauge boson Couplings • TGC parameters in range (~0.001) expected from SM Radiative Corrections. • QGC parameter limits improve up to x 2.5 over LHC • Higgs Physics: • H (100-160 GeV)Z measured at 11s level • gg  H (120-140 GeV)  mm seen at 5s level • Couplings to fermions, bosons measured at 10% precision • gg  HH (170-200 GeV): Higgs self couplings ~20% precision

4. SLHC Physics - II • Higgs Searches • Regions of the MSSM parameter space where the various Higgs bosons can be discovered at  5 at the LHC (for 300 fb-1 per experiment and both experiments combined) through their decays into SM particles. • To the left of the rightmost contour at least two Higgs bosons can be discovered at the SLHC (for 3000 fb-1 per experiment and both experiments combined).

5. SLHC Physics - III • Strongly Coupled Vector Bosons: • WLZL resonance at 1.5 TeV observable • ZLZL resonance at 750 GeV observable • Rare Top Decays: • Improved sensitivity: t qg & qg (x4), qZ (x10) • New Gauge Bosons: • Discovery Reach: 5.3 TeV (LHC)  6.5 TeV (SLHC) • SUSY: • squarks, gluinos: 2.5 TeV (LHC)  3 TeV (SLHC) • Extra Dimensions: • Resonances: ~6 TeV (LHC)  ~7.7 TeV (SLHC)

6. SLHC Detector R&D - I • Inner Tracker: rebuild • r < 20 cm: new approach, 20 < r < 60 cm: extend pixel technology, 60 cm < r: extend strip technology • New approaches: defect-engineered Si, 3D detectors, new sensor materials, cryogenic Si, monolithic pixels • Calorimetry: usable with caveats • ATLAS (Liquid Argon): space charge, HV distribution • Investigate alternative liquids (krypton, cold dense gas) • CMS (xtal ECAL, scint. HCAL): Endcap scint. Damage • Investigate more radiation tolerant scintillator • Modify readout & trigger electronics for crossing ID • Muon Systems: usable up to high h • Replace front end readout & trigger electronics • Additional Shielding needed

7. SLHC Detector R&D - II • Trigger: rebuild for 12.5 ns • Double operational frequency from 40 MHz to 80 MHz • Processing & data transfer • Design for much higher rejection power for pileup to retain output rate of 100 kHz • Exploit newer generation programmable devices • DAQ: evolve to higher performance • Increase in bandwidth due to increase in event size. • Use new commercial network technologies • Issue: Control & management of 10K CPU farms.