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Understanding Depression: Symptoms, Classification, and Theories

Explore the different patterns of depression, its key symptoms, and classifications ranging from mild to severe. Learn about the ABC cluster of symptoms, theories behind depression, and how to recognize signs of this disorder.

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Understanding Depression: Symptoms, Classification, and Theories

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Depression- a Brief intro - Mel Draper

  2. What is depression? • It is a disorder of emotion • There are two patterns: • Unipolar: e.g. dysthymia, melancholia, atypical depression • Bipolar: e.g. bipolar disorder and cyclothymia

  3. Classifying depression • Mild • Few, if any, symptoms in excess of the minimum 5 • Minor functional impairment • Moderate • Symptoms of functional impairment are between mild and severe • Severe • Most symptoms present • Symptoms markedly interfere with functioning • With or without psychotic symptoms

  4. symptoms Key symptoms: • Persistent sadness or low mood • Marked loss of interest or pleasure • Additional symptoms • Disturbed sleep • Decreased or increased appetite and/or weight • Fatigue or loss of energy • Agitation or slowing of movements • Poor concentration or indecisiveness • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt • Suicidal thoughts or acts

  5. symptoms • ABC cluster of symptoms • AFFECT • Persistently low mood • Diminished interest or pleasure in activities • BEHAVIOUR • No eating (appetite loss) • Sleep disturbance • Lowered libido • Social withdrawal • COGNITION • Depressive ideation (guilt) • Suicidal thoughts • Fatalistic (hopelessness)

  6. Theories of depression • Reduced levels of the monoamines • Serotonin • Noradrenaline • Steroid use and HPA axis alterations • Abnormalities in the circadian rhythm • Immune system

  7. screening During the past month have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless? During the past month have you often bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things? Positive screen = Yes to either, with symptoms being present for at least two weeks Go on to investigate all symptoms of depression

  8. That’s it!

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