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Understanding Virtual Machines and Operating Systems: From Hardware to Software

This comprehensive guide explores the fundamental concepts of virtual machines and operating systems, bridging the gap between hardware and user experience. It discusses the evolution of system software from the first generation to the fourth generation, highlighting key responsibilities such as user interface management, resource allocation, and security. Each operating system generation is detailed, showcasing advancements from batch processing to time-sharing systems and the future of multimedia interfaces and parallel processing. Gain insights into how virtual machines enhance usability by creating interfaces for efficient user interaction.

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Understanding Virtual Machines and Operating Systems: From Hardware to Software

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer Science 101 The Virtual Machine: Operating Systems

  2. From Hardware to Software • Naked machine • Hardware bereft of any helpful user-oriented features • Data as well as instructions must be represented in binary • To make a Von Neumann computer usable: • Create an interface or virtual machine between the user and the hardware

  3. From Hardware to Software • The virtual machine • System software:collection of computer programs that manage the resources of a computer and facilitate access to those resources • Software: sequences of instructions that solve a problem

  4. Types of System Software

  5. Types of System Software • Operating system • Communicates with users • Determines what they want • Activates other system programs, applications packages, or user programs to carry out their request

  6. Some Typical OS Commands

  7. Terminal-based user interface (prompt and keyboard input of commands)

  8. OS Responsibilities • Major responsibilities of operating systems • User interface management (a receptionist) • Control of access to system and files (a security guard) • Program scheduling and activation (a dispatcher) • Efficient resource allocation (an efficiency expert) • Deadlock detection and error detection (a traffic officer)

  9. History of Operating Systems • First-generationsystem software • Roughly 1945–1955 • No operating systems and very little software support • Second-generationsystem software • Called batch operating systems (1955–1965) • Command language • Commands specifying to the operating system what operations to perform on programs

  10. Batch Processing

  11. Time Sharing Operating Systems • Third-generation operating systems • Multiprogrammed operating systems(1965–1985) • Many programs can be stored in memory • Allows programmer to enter system commands, programs, and data online • Allows multiple programmers to run programs simultaneously on one computer (time sharing)

  12. A Time-Sharing System

  13. Network Operating System • Much of the computing was done remotely in the office, laboratory, classroom, and factory • Fourth-generationoperating system (1985–present)

  14. The Future • Multimedia user interfaces • Will interact with users and solicit requests in a variety of ways • Parallel processing operating system • Can efficiently manage computer systems containing tens, hundreds, or even thousands of processors • Distributed computing environment • Users do not need to know the location of a given resource within the network

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