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Overview of Linux: Distributions, Free Software, and Technical Comparisons with Windows

This module provides a comprehensive technical summary of Linux, covering key concepts such as Linux distributions, free software principles under the GNU license, and notable technical differences between Linux and Windows. It discusses various Linux distributions like Red Hat and SuSE, the significance of free software, along with the separation of user interfaces and operating systems in Linux versus Windows. The module also highlights aspects such as file systems, user roles, configuration methods, and server roles in a Linux environment.

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Overview of Linux: Distributions, Free Software, and Technical Comparisons with Windows

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  1. Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux • Including: • Linux Distributions • Free Software and GNU License • Technical differences between Windows and Linux Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  2. Linux Distributions • Distributions – an entire package of Linux, including tools, editors, GUIs, and so forth. • Some Distributions – Red Hat, SuSE, Mandrake, and Caldera. • Most of tools are not written by the companies who sell the Linux packages. • Linux itself is the core of the OS - kernel Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  3. Free software and GNU license • Free software • Free of charge • Free of source code • GNU license • GNU – GNU’s Not Unix • GNU General Public License (GPL) • The full source code must be released • The programmers are not liable for the software Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  4. Technical Differences between Linux and Windows • Users • GUI and the kernel • Network Disks • Configuration files • Domains • Disk file systems • Server roles Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  5. The Users • Single Users – One computer, one desk, one user • Multi Users – Many people can work parallel • Network Users – Users can use the services over network Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  6. The GUI and the kernel • Linux – the user interface and the operating system -> separate • Windows – the GUI and the core OS are integrated Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  7. The Network Disks • Linux – using the Network File System (NFS) that supports mounting on other systems • Windows – • using Share (by mounting a share, also called map) • Using Distributed File System (Dfs) for the server Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  8. The configuration files • Linux – using text file • Easy to use • But has no standard • Windows – using registry database (before using .ini files) Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  9. Domains • Linux – using Network Information Service (NIS), a simple text file. • It doesn’t perform authentication the way a DC does. • Windows – using Active Directory (AD) • AD was designed to be much more than what NIS was designed for. Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  10. Linux Disk file system • File types ext3, swap, also FAT, FAT32, NTFS • Minimum partitions: two – One for holding all of the files One for swap space Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  11. Directory Structure • Begin with root directory “/” /usr - for all program files (Windows - ?) /home - user home directory (Windows-?) /var - the final destination for log files /tmp - for placing temporary files swap - for storing virtual memory file (Windows - ?) Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  12. Linux’s Partitions • Each partition will show with a device, such /dev/hdXY, dev/sdXY hd – hard disk sd – SCSI disk X – disk number for the system Y – partition number for the disk Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

  13. Mail server, Web server, FTP server, File server, Print server, DHCP server, DNS server, Database server, News server, … The Server Roles Module 1: Technical Summary of Linux

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